MOds Flashcards
branch of science which deals with study of the composition and properties of matter and:
-the changes it undergoes
-the energy accompanying those changes
-the laws and principles
CHEMISTRY
study of elements in the periodic table
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
study of carbon containing compounds
organic chemistry
bio means..?
life
examples of organic compounds: NSPO
Nitrogen, Sulfur, Phosphorus and Oxygen containing compounds
the study of macromolecules and their metabolic activities in the body
Molecular Biochemistry
2 aspects of Biochemistry
Molecular Anatomy and Physiology
Metabolic activities of biomolecules in the cell.
Digestion, Absorption, Assimilation, Utilization, Integration, Metabolic Degradation, Biotransformation, Excretion
a process by which a polar compound (contain + and - ions) is broken apart into its individual ionic components when placed in an aqueous solution.
Dissociation / Ionization
occurs in the presence of water,
Ionization
Substances whose water solutions conduct electricity
Electrolytes
they completely ionized in H2O soln.
Strong Electrolyes
incompletely or partially ionized in H2O soln.
Weak Electrolytes
substances whose water solution do not conduct electricity
Non-Electrolytes
HCL, HNO3, H2SO4`
strong acids
NaOH, KOH, CaOH2
strong bases
acetic acid (CH3OOH)
Weak acid
aniline ammonia
weak base
organic compounds
non-electrolytes
a reaction which goes to completion
Irreversible Reaction
Evidence of Irreversible Reaction
Evolution of Gas
a precipitate is formed
Work is done with the products
a reaction which does not go to completion
Reversible Reaction
state in which 2 opposing reactions proceed at the same rate
chemical Equilibrium
rate at which products are formed
Rf - Forward Reaction
Rate at which reactants are formed
Rb - backwards reaction
at chemical equilibrium:
Rf = Rb
at chemical equilibrium:
Rf = Rb
at chemical equilibrium:
Rf = Rb
Considered as a weak electrolyte. amphoteric and amphiprotic in nature
Water
can act as both acid and base
Amphoteric
substance that can both accept and donate a proton or H
Amphiprotic
Ionization constant of water / Kw
Kw = [H30+][OH-]
introduced by Danish biochemist by the name of Soren Sorensen
pH expression
a mix of weak electrolye with its salt
Buffer
mix of weak acid + salt of weak acid
mix of weak base + salt of weak base
Acid Buffer
Base Buffer
an ion produced from the dissociation of acid; removal of hydrogen
conjugate base
proton hydrogen donor; formed when it combines with hydrogen
Conjugate Acid
pH of a solution of a weak acid (or base) and its salt
HENDERSON - HASSELBALCH EQUATION
factors affecting blood pH
nature of Diet (Proteins/fats - acidify ~ fruits and Veg - alkalinize)
vigorous exercise (tend to acidify blood)
metabolic disturbances in acid-base balance of the body
ACIDOSIS & ALKALOSIS
the acidity of blood fluids and tissues is abnormally high
Acidosis
condition in which the alkalinity of body fluids are abnormally high
Alkalosis
performed before obtaining an arterial blood specimen from the radial artery. the adequacy of thew ulnar artery.
Allen’s Test
ROME - interpreting ABG results
Respiratory - Opposite / Metabolic Equal
the functional structural basic unit of life
Cell
Greek means “prenucleus”, not enclosed within a membrane Circular DNA (not associated with histones) floats freely, divide by binary fission, unicellular, Aerobic and Anaerobic
Prokaryotes
DNA found in nucleus enclosed in a membrane, membrane bound organelles, Mitosis, Aerobic, DNA is complex, Cell is much larger
Eukaryotes
2 types of cells`
Autosomes/Somatic cells
Germ cells/Sex cells
parts of the cell
nucleus and cell membrane
temporary dumping site for cellular garbage
Vacuoles
Components of the Cytoplasm
Water (most abundant)
Carbohydrates (CHO) main source of energy/ fuel for metabolic activities of the cell
FATS (provides elasticity)
Proteins (CHON) - gives strength to cell membrane
Electrolytes - charged particles
subunits of the cell
cell organelle
gives the cell support
cytoskeleton
division of nucleus
Mitosis
