Modifiers

Question 1

An essential modifier is grammatically correct…

Answer 1

WithOUT commas (,)
Note: use "that"

Question 2

Non-essential modifiers are written with…

Answer 2

Commas

NOTE: use “which”

Question 3

When expressing the result of the main clause, use…

Answer 3

“ing”

Ex. Crime has decreased in my neighborhood, LEADING to a rise in home value.

GMAT will often use “which”, as a trick.
WHICHEVER has lead to a rise…

Question 4

When to drop “that” and “whom”

Answer 4

If the nouns is the object of the modifying clause.

EX. (Wrong) The movie that we watched was scary.

EX. (Right) The movie we watched…

Question 5

Type of modifier that must touch the intended noun

Answer 5

Noun Modifier

Question 6

Who modifies

Answer 6

people

Question 7

which modifies

Answer 7

things

Question 8

whose modifies

Answer 8

people/things

Question 9

where modifies

Answer 9

area, site, country

Question 10

when and which modify

Answer 10

events, time, age

Question 11

GMAT TRICK: Possessives

Answer 11

EX. “John’s book” when the modifier should modify “John”

Question 12

GMAT TRICK: “Which” CANNOT modify…

Answer 12

the action of the preceding clause. The answer should be the verb ending with “ing”.

Question 13

“Who” is used when referring to the…

Answer 13

subject

Question 14

“Whom” is used when referring to the…

Answer 14

object

Question 15

Type of modifier that doesn’t have to touch the intended noun, but must modify the correct noun

Answer 15

verb modifier

Question 16

MODIFIER STRATEGY

Answer 16

When you spot a sentence with a modifier…

1. Is it a noun modifier(must touch noun) or verb modifier (must modify correct noun).
2. Is it an essential modifier (no commas and use that) or non-essential (commas and use which)

Question 17

“Based on” is usually corrected with _______?

Answer 17

“Because of”

Question 18

Dangling modifiers - what is it and how is it corrected?

many times, these sounds ok to the ear, watch out

Answer 18

modifier that doesn’t modify anything :)
Its corrected by turning that modifier into a prepositional phrase or adding a noun to be modified.

EX. pg 99 (sentence correction SG - #15)

Question 19

Why are opening modifiers used frequently?

Answer 19

to trick the reader. We don’t speak in this manner, but it is grammatically correct.

Question 20

Which CANNOT modify a noun? “ing” OR “, ing”

Answer 20

”, ing” can not modify the preceding noun.

EX. A killler whale, growing up to 30 feet in length…
This is incorrect.

Question 21

If you have multiple modifiers, they should _________ the noun they modify.

Answer 21

Hug.
AKA if there are 3 modifiers, all 3 will not appear before or after. It will hug, 2 before and 1 after. They are like stalkers. As close as possible.