Modifications of Mendelian Genetics

Question 1

What are the four rules for Mendelian Inheritance pattern?

Answer 1

1. Expression of the genes in the offspring directly influences their traits/phenotype
2. Genes are passed unaltered from generation to generation (except when rare mutations occur)
3. Mendel’s law of segregation
4. Mendel’s law of independent assortment

Question 2

What are so examples of Non-Mendelian Inheritance?

Answer 2

maternal effects, epigenetics, and extranuclear
inheritance

Question 3

What rule does Maternal Effects break?

Answer 3

Breaks rule 1 - genotype of offspring does not directly affect the phenotype of offspring

Question 4

What rule does Epigenetics break?

Answer 4

Rule 2 - genes are modified

Question 5

Which rule does Extranuclear Inheritance break?

Answer 5

Breaks rule 3 - invules genes in in organelles as opposed to the nucleus

Question 6

Which rule does linkage break?

Answer 6

Breaks rule 4 -

Question 7

What causes maternal effect?

Answer 7

an accumulation of gene products the female parent contributes to her produced eggs (meaning on a female can pass on certain traits, even if the male parent has those traits)

Question 8

What is X-Chromosome inactivation?

Answer 8

Lyon Hypothesis – where non-coding RNA coats the chromosome and leads to compaction and gene silencing

Question 9

What are the two ways human mitochondrial diseases occur?

Answer 9

Human mtDNA is transmitted from the female parent to offspring via the cytoplasm of the egg (human mitochondrial disease follows a strict maternal inheritance pattern)
additionally, mitochondrial mutations occur with age and susceptibility.

Question 10

What is Heteroplasmy?

Answer 10

a mitochondrial disease where a cell can contain a variety of mixed mitochondrial populations