Modes of Healing

Question 1

Diseases

Answer 1

syphilis
typhus
malaria
leprosy

Question 2

How did people get Pain injuries and illnesses?

Answer 2

nutritional deficiencies, respiratory and gastrointestinal sickness
cancerous tumours
mental illnesses
arthritis,
muscle inflation (rheumatism)
child birth

Question 3

What were the 5 modes of healing?

Answer 3

1. alcohol
2. religion
   - people came to saints, relics, and shrines for healing
   -prayer and confession of sins was common as well
3. magic
   - rooted in nature instead of gods and saints
   - macrocosm - the universe
   - microcosm - human body
   - if nature is in the wrong spot, the human body will be unhealthy/ not heal/die
4. Empirical healing
   - daily healing - practices of folk medicine: a mixture of religion, magic, tradition and philosophy
   - focused on diet and herbal remedies ( nature-based medicine to make ointments, tinctures, washes)
   - still used Galenic theories and practices: bleeding and purging of the body
   - practices of midwifery and surgery
   - people had more access to folk healers instead of physicians because they were more common in the villages
5. physicians and surgeons.

Question 4

What did medical training look like?

Answer 4

• people gained experience over time with experience, going to college and trial and error
• including becoming a member in a guild/ college
• some forms of education including texts written by Galen and Hippocrates.
• physicians had privileges from public authorites

Question 5

Practices of Medicine: 4 Humors

Answer 5

Caused sickness due to imbalance in the body

Blood———— air ——– hot & wet
phlegm———-fire ——– hot & dry
yellow bile——-water —– cold & wet
Black bile ——–earth —— cold & dry

returning the body to balance by bleeding, purging, meditation and diet

Question 6

Human anatomy in the 13th century

Answer 6

this is when medicine started to evolve into more effective practices
Mondino de Luzzi - A physician who followed in the steps of Galen & his knowledge of medicine
he had lower-class people doing the messy surgery work while he watched and gave orders
during surgery, they had to use the full body of an executed criminal. the process was quick because you didn’t want to be dealing with a dead body for long. so the process was quick and messy

Question 7

what did the Islamic world contribute to ancient medicine?

Answer 7

they made descriptions and drawings of bones and founded the idea of movement of blood

Question 8

what were some anatomical challenges and changes in medical knowledge?

Answer 8

lack of agreed-upon knowledge due to language and a variety of different labels
lack of accurate reproductions of drawings and sketches.

Question 9

who was Andreas Vesalius?

Answer 9

(1500)
He was the son of apothecary who trained at the university and wrote a book on human anatomy using accurate precise drawings
founded the idea that the body comprised of 3 systems: the brain and nerves, the heart and arteries, and the liver and veins.
he had many followers who contributed to point out Galen’s mistakes

Question 10

what was vivasection?

Answer 10

developed by Andres Vesalius
a surgical practice using live animal bodies to see how the systems work together.
developed by Andreas Vesalius