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History of Physical Culture and Medical Science > Modernity 1800-1950 > Flashcards

Modernity 1800-1950 Flashcards

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1
Q

Modernity

A
  1. Bureaucratization
  2. Democratization
  3. Specialization
  4. Institutionalization
  5. Records
  6. Quantification
  7. Standardization
  8. Secularization
  9. Rationalization
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2
Q

Society during the 1800-1950s

A 
1. Old political/economic regime declining - divine right to rule losing traction 
Spanish, Holy Roman, Chinese
2. New empires rising 
British, American, Japanese, German 
Empires based on economic gain 
3. Modern geopolitical landscape 
Modern division of continents 
Creation of nation states
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3
Q

How was Canada defined?

A
  1. Primarily defined by geography
  2. Not viably managed by Britain alone
    Strong divisions between French and English
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4
Q

Benedict Anderson created what concept?

A
  1. Imagined Community
  2. Nation is a community which is socially created by people who imagine themselves to be part of that group
  3. Modern nation states
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5
Q

The Industrial Revolution was defined by:

A
  1. Mass production and manufacturing industries become the dominant forces
    Steam engine - 1869
    Industrial combustion engine
    Electrical Power
  2. Built on one another, modern way of living
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6
Q

Outcome and Consequences of the Industrial Revolution

A
  1. Mass migration
    Workforce lured people out of rural areas and into urban existence
  2. Population increase
    Population doubled within 100 years
    Middle class was growing, incredible amount of working poor
  3. Felt in urban centers
  4. Industrialization and urbanization
  5. More predictable money based lifestyle
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7
Q

Cottonopolis

A

Manchester: phenomenon of the textile industry

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8
Q

Dominant idealism during 1800s:

Three philosophers:

A
  1. German
  2. Immanuel Kant, Johan Fichte, George Hegel
  3. Very similar to Platonic and Aristotelian
  4. Humans are secular as opposed to linked to a divine world
  5. Physical world we inhabit is imperfect
  6. Body is secondary; perfect humans exists (something to strive for)
  7. Body was an expression for the soul
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9
Q

Implication of German Idealism for Physical Education:

What emerged from the German idealism?

A
  1. Body is a physical expression for the soul: there must be a moral and spiritual basis to all physical activity
  2. Everything must have a purpose
  3. Rational physical education: 19th century idealism
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10
Q

How were students taught based on rational physical education:

A

Individual fusions of body and soul; body is the physical expression for the soul

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11
Q

What were the values of rational physical education:

A

Individuals are “End in Themselves”

Huge implications for student athletes

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12
Q

Objectives of rational physical education :

A

Optimal achievement of the physical, intellectual, moral, and spiritual

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13
Q

Curriculum of rational physical education:

A

Defined by the ability and potential of students
Early childhood and childhood development
Inspired by Rousseau

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14
Q

Evaluation Criteria of rational physical education:

A

Social interaction, self-confidence, social and psychological maturity, physical growth, skill development, moral and spiritual development

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15
Q

Rational Physical Education: Form

A

Group physical activity
Gymnastics based
Wasn’t about playing games or sport
Based on drills, militaristic performance
Calisthenics: can be done in a confined space

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16
Q

Rational Physical Education: Function

A

Ethnocentric physical education
Perfect reflection of ethnic ideal
Physical health of the entire nation surpasses physical health of the individual
Collective physical health symbolized health of the nation
Defended health and security of the nation state

17
Q

Sokol Fest:
Origin:
Prescribed:

A
  1. Prague 1906
  2. National gymnastics league
  3. Completely modern national organization
  4. Prescribed physical education
  5. Dispersed throughout the Czech
18
Q

Johann Berhard Basedow:

A

Founded Philanthropian: influential progressive school
Children should be taught as children
Influenced by Rousseau
Johan Fredrick Simon was a physical education instructor
Aristocracy of worth
50% of curriculum was physical education (5hr / day)
3 hour recreational play / 2 hour manual labor
Age specific activities
Philanthropian was a short lived idea - not financially viable
Personality conflicts - hard to work with
Public school - specific curriculum
Designed by proportion
Was unsuccessful

19
Q

Johann Friedrich Guthsmuth:

A
  1. Grandfather of modern gymnastics and physical education
  2. Schnepfenthal Educational Institute
    Very successful, prescriptive
    Incorporated resistance for children (complex standing apparatus)
  3. Gymnastics for the Young
  4. Intellectal education is only effective after the body is fit and strong
  5. German states should create a stronger German nation
20
Q

Fredrich Ludwig Jahn

A
  1. Founder of the Gymnastics Movement
  2. Patriotic Prussion and monarchist
  3. Promoted German Volk - xenophobic
  4. School in gymnastics (Guthsmuth)
  5. Gymnastics was good for health and discipling
21
Q

Turnen

A

To perform gymnastics

22
Q

Turnplatz

A

Outdoor gymnastics field

23
Q

Turnfest

A

Outdoor gymnastics festival

24
Q

Turnverein Movement: 1811-1819

A
  1. Populous based political and cultural movement
  2. Militaristic (anti-French)
  3. Egalitarian - every individual was important to the overall
  4. New social realization and identity
25
Q

Turnverein Movement: 1819-1842

A
  1. Turner activities banned

2. Jahn arrested

26
Q

Turnverein Movement: 1848-present

A
  1. Turners were active participants in the revolution
  2. Revolution failed
  3. Emigrated to America (American Turnvereine)
27
Q

Miroslav Tyrs

A

Founder of the Sokol Movement
Influenced by Turners
Not as xenophobic

History of Physical Culture and Medical Science (4 decks)

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