Modern Understanding of Inheritance

Question 1

Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance

Answer 1

Which states that chromosomes carry the unit of heredity (genes).

Question 2

Karyotype

Answer 2

the number and appearance of chromosomes

Question 3

Autosomes

Answer 3

“body chromosomes” (all of the non-sex chromosomes) are generally organized in approximate order of size from largest (chromosome 1) to smallest (chromosome 22)

Question 4

Monosomy

Answer 4

loss of one chromosome

Question 5

Trisomy

Answer 5

gain of an extra chromosome

Question 6

Monosomic human zygotes

Answer 6

missing any one copy of an autosome invariably fail to develop to birth because they lack essential genes

Question 7

Tay-Sachs Disease

Answer 7

lack of the enzyme that breaks down fatty acid proteins in lysosomes results in accumulation

Question 8

Cystic Fibrosis

Answer 8

Cl ions do not pass normally through a cell membrane, resulting in thick mucus in lungs and other places, causing infections

Question 9

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Answer 9

lack of enzyme needed to make a certain amino acid; affects nervous system development

Question 10

Sickle-Cell-Disease

Answer 10

red blood cells are sickle-shaped rather than biconcave, resulting in clogged blood vessels

Question 11

Marfan Syndrome

Answer 11

defect in the production of the elastic connective tissue protein fibrillin; results in dislocated lens, long limbs, and fingers, caved-in chest, and weak wall of aorta

Question 12

Osteogenesis imperfecta

Answer 12

defect in collagen synthesis; resulted in weakened, brittle bones

Question 13

Huntington’s disease

Answer 13

Huntington’s protein has too many glutamine amino acids, leading to the progressive degeneration of brain cells