Genetics and Inheritance Flashcards
Mendel’s Experiments
The Laws of Probability
Law of Dominance and uniformity
Some alleles are dominant while others are recessive; an organism with at least one dominant allele will display the effect of the dominant allele.
Law of Segregation
During gamete formation, the alleles for each gene segregate from each other so that each gamete carries only one allele for each gene.
Law of Independent Assortment
Genes of different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes.
Dominant Traits
are those that are inherited unchanged in a hybridization
Recessive Traits
latient; or disappear, in the offspring of a hybridization
Alleles
Gene variations arise by mutations and relative locations on homologous chromosomes
Dominant
One allele that prevents a second allele from affecting the phenotype when the two alleles are paired together
Recessive
an allele that has no effect on the phenotype when paired with a dominant allele
Homozygous
The genotype consists of two copies of the same allele Example: BB or bb
Heterozygous
The genotype consists of two different alleles example Bb
Phenotype
The physical expression of a given trait
Genotype
The pair of alleles for a given trait
Physical traits
Easily observable traits
Biochemical traits
often more difficult to observe
