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DT > Modern, Smart and Composite Materials > Flashcards

Modern, Smart and Composite Materials Flashcards

1
Q

Modern materials

A

materials that have been engineered to have their properties improved or adjusted to suit their function in modern products

Anything that has been developed in the last 40 years.

examples:

  • metal foams
  • titanium
  • liquid crystal displays (LCDs)
  • superalloys
  • nano materials
  • light emitting diodes (LEDs)
  • graphene
  • lenticular film - transform 2D images into visual illusions
  • polymorph - heat then mould and remould
  • Teflon - non-stick coating on cookware, repels liquids on textiles
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2
Q

Metal foams

A

Used in vehicles such as cars and planes as they absorb shock well

  • modern material
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3
Q

Titanium

A

Provides a better strength-to-weight ration than iron and steel

  • Modern material
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4
Q

Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs)

A

Liquid crystals that change shape when charge is applied to let light through and display images or text.

  • modern material
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5
Q

Superalloys

A

Typically used in modern aircraft where specific extreme properties are needed

  • modern material
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6
Q

Nanomaterials

A

Modern materials that are being developed to make significant improvements or products, such as water-repellent gloves or smartphone screens

  • modern material
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7
Q

Smart Materials

Definition, inputs, examples

A

Smart materials can change their properties when an external force/input is applied.
They can change back to their original form without signs of damage.
No chemical reaction

Inputs:

  • water
  • electricity
  • heat
  • light

Examples:

  • ubleque
  • shape-memory alloys (SMA)
  • thermo- and photo-chromic pigments
  • polymorph
  • hydrogel
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8
Q

Shape-memory alloys (SMA)

A

Used in spectacle and frames and dental braces as they can change shape when heat is applied (e.g. nitinol)

  • smart material
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9
Q

Nitinol

A

A smart metal composed of nickel and titanium that contracts when heated or exposed to an electrical current

  • SMA
  • smart material
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10
Q

Thermochromic pigments

A

Change appearance when heat is applied

E.g. used in children’s toys, jewellery and temperature indicators

  • smart material
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11
Q

Photochromic pigments

A

Change appearance when light is applied

E.g. light sensitive glasses - lenses darken in bright light

  • smart material
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12
Q

Polymorph

A

Smart material

A polymer malleable at 60 degrees C, making it very good for modelling and creating ergonomic handles.

Input is heat - makes is malleable

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13
Q

Composite Materials

A

Several materials combined to improve their properties.
They can be fibre, particle or sheet based.

Can be designed for a specific engineering purpose, or they can be common ones too.

  • e.g. carbon fibre (strong, lightweight, used in hockey sticks)
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14
Q

Fibre-based composites

A

Include:

  • GRP (for boats)
  • CRP/carbon fibre (used in sport)
  • GRC (used in concrete construction)
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15
Q

GRP (fibre glass)

A

Glass-reinforced plastic - a strong and versatile material made by combing a plastic (usually polyester resin) with fibres made of glass.

  • fibre-reinforced composite
  • used to make boats
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16
Q

CRP

A

Carbon-reinforced plastic - a material featuring thin fibres of carbon that are reinforced with plastic resin

  • fibre-based composite
17
Q

GRC

A

Glass-reinforced concrete - a strong mixture of concrete and glass fibres that is used on outside building panels.

  • fibre-based composite
18
Q

Particle-based composites

A

Include concrete and cement

Both are strong and heat resistant.

19
Q

Sheet-based composites

A

Include medium-density fibreboard (MDF), plywood and chipboard.

20
Q

Technical textiles

A

A technical textile is a textile product manufactured for non-aesthetic purposes, where function is the primary criterion.

21
Q

Synthetic textiles

A

They can be made quickly and cheaply is often replace material like cotton and silk.

E.g. nylon and polyester

  • technical textiles
22
Q

Textiles

A

Can be made conductive, fire retardant (Nomex), spill + stain resistant

  • technical textiles
23
Q

Kevlar

A
  • technical textiles
  • modern material
  • composite material -> has a plastic fibre stronger than carbon woven into it

A textile strong enough to withstand a bullet.
Very light

  • high/good strength to weight ratio
24
Q

Microfibres

A

Can be found in clothes and cleaning cloths as they are very warm and absorbent

  • technical textiles
25
Q

Microencapsulation

A

A process in which tiny particles or droplets are surrounded by a coating to make small capsules.

When in textiles it can release chemicals, oil and fragrance when rubbed.

  • technical textiles
26
Q

What do these new materials help do?

A

IMPROVE PROPERTIES

  • insulation
  • conductivity
  • higher strength-to-weight ratios
27
Q

Hydrogel

A
  • smart material

- fake snow

28
Q

Lenticular paper

A
  • modern material
  • creates visual illusions of 2d objects
  • use: gift cards
29
Q

Fastskin

A
  • mimics skin if a shark and gives streamlining effect underwater
  • competitive sports and swim wear
  • technical textile

DT (5 decks)

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