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APWH > Modern Period c.1750-c.1900 (Imperialism) > Flashcards

Modern Period c.1750-c.1900 (Imperialism) Flashcards

1
Q

Imperialism

A
  • Country Expands its power into other territories for economic/political gain
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2
Q

Causation: Imperialism

A
  • POLITICAL: Nationalism (large colonies have power/glory over smaller colonies)
  • CULTURAL:
    *Europeans have “duty” to Cvilize, Westernism, Christianize, & Up-lift nonwesterns
  • Technology = “proof” of superiority (Social Darwinism)
  • ECONOMIC:
  • Industrial Revolution (access to raw materials & consumers)
  • Cheap Labor, indentured servants= global migrations
  • Entrepreneurs -> investment profits (mines,railroads,etc..)
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3
Q

Imperial Control

A
  • country exercises power over another
  • economic, political, social system
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4
Q

“Sphere of Influence”: Imperial Control

A
  • region DIRECTLY controlled by Imperialist Nation
    (ex. Ottomans & China)
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5
Q

Protectorate: Imperial Control

A
  • region KEEPS traditional leaders; GUIDED by Imperialist Nation
    (ex. Egypt)
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6
Q

Colony: Imperial Control

A
  • region COMPLETLY controlled by Viceroy (Imperial Governor)
  • (ex. India)
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7
Q

TOOLS

A
  • Industrial Tech = advantage for Industrial States
  • Superior Mobility & Communication (steamships, telegraphs, submarine telegraph cables,)
  • Suez Canal: shorten trip to Asia
  • Advanced firearms
  • Quinine: helped eliminate malaria; cinchena plant
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8
Q

Colonial Administration

A
  • ruled with cooperation of local elites
  • Traditional Ruler
  • Colonial Ruler benefited most
  • Young trained in “modern” Bureaucracy
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9
Q

Colonial Style: BRITISH

A
  • Indirect rule of Viceroy (imperial governor)
  • Segregation (separation of race)
  • Built infrastructure (hospitals, schools, transportation)
  • Natives have power (only over other natives)
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10
Q

Colonial Style: FRENCH

A
  • Convert Natives into Frenchmen (Mission)
  • NO Racial Segregation
  • Get French Citizenship if educated(Euro.) enough
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11
Q

Imperialism: AFRICA

A
  • Protestant European Missionaries built schools, churches, & medical clinics
  • Europeans believed they were superior to Africas because of better technology
  • Europeans wanted Africa’s raw materials (labor, gold, salt, copper, diamonds)
  • Africans: NO roles in government, Resources were STOLEN, & used for CHEAP LABOR
  • Failed to resist: LACK of military advancements,
    DISUNITY (tribal, linguistic, ethnicity)
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12
Q

King Leopold

A
  • Sent representatives to create TRADE relations/treaties with African leaders
    EFFECT: started competition with Britain, France, Spain, Italy, Germany (Euro. Countries)
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13
Q

Berlin Conference

A
  • Meeting with European leaders to divide/separate Africa
  • Africans played no part in this event
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14
Q

Scramble for Africa

A
  • Militaries sent by European nations established colonies throughout Africa while ignoring African ethnic groups, kingdoms, & city-states
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15
Q

POSITIVE Effects: Imperialism in Africa

A
  • Medicine & Education
  • BETTER Infrastructure
  • Christianity promoted literacy & health care + Removed sacrifices/rituals
    IMPROVED: road systems, railroads, electricity, communication systems
  • Boundaries (made process of independence easier)
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16
Q

NEGATIVE Effects: Imperialism in Africa

A
  • Resource DEPLETION
  • Labor EXPLOITATION
  • Unfair taxation
  • LACK of industrialization
  • Dependence of cash crop economy prohibited trade
  • Breaking up traditional African Society/Values
  • Lack of political development
17
Q

Indigenous

A
  • People who lived there first
  • Citizens
18
Q
  1. Diplomacy
A
  • avoid fighting —> form agrement
19
Q
  1. Alliance
A
  • teaming up with colonizers to defeat common enemy
20
Q
  1. Armed Resistance
A
  • fighting to maintain independence
21
Q
  1. Selective Borrowing
A
  • use aspects of MODERN Western society for independence
22
Q
  1. Millenarism
A
  • “end of the world is coming soon”
  • hopes for better days
  • influence of missionaries
23
Q
  1. Clinging to Tradition
A
  • traditional beliefs/rituals help resist colonial pressure
  • Conservative values
24
Q

Indigenous Responses in Africa

A

Diplomacy: *
- AVOIDED war
- British Contract (denied)

Alliance:*
- MAJI MAJI Revolt

Armed Resistance:*
- Holy War (Muhammad Ahmad), Battle of Omdurman (bloodiest, Eur. & Af.), Yaa Asantewa War
- Egyptian military officers rebelled
- Maji Maji Revolt

Millenarianism:*
- Muhammad Ahmod: “Mahdi”, announce end of days

Clinging to Tradition: *
- Golden Stool (symbol of nation/kings), Tribute in Cattle, Maji Maji (powerful water);
- Jesus restore/protect form being divided
- Spirt in snake form (provided good harvest, strength, protection, & invulnurability to bullets)

25
Q

John Africanus Horton

A
  • suggested to incorporate Western constitutional practices (4. Selective Borrowing)
26
Q

Abolition of Atlantic Slave Trade EFFECTS

A

-new slave trades began
- Cloth & Iron Goods expanding factories (cheaper)
- Oil
- More Integrated in World Market

27
Q

British: Divide & Conquer

A
  • Ashanti leaders fought back (outgunned)
  • Brit. found allies; “deal with the devil” -> (powerless)
28
Q

Islam gains greater appeal in EURO. Imperialism

A
  • Muslim Kings/Emirs used Islamic law/traditions
  • Jihadist impulse spread West & East
29
Q

Samori Toure’s Tactics

A
  • learned to manufacture gunpowder
  • trained soldiers (use imported rifles)
  • Built state & controlled trade routes
  • Grueling Guerrilla Campaign
30
Q

INCREASED Demand for IVORY

A
  • Militarized trading ventures
  • Arab/Swahili merchants marched into the interior
31
Q

British Raj

A
  • Brit conquered India by exploiting its diversity, & encouraging discontinuity/competition among rivals
32
Q

British Raj: Early Change

A
  • EIC
  • Sepoy Rebellion
  • Mughal Rulers governed powerful Muslim empire (@India)
  • Exploited India (diversity, & encouraging discontinuity/competition among rivals)
33
Q

EIC (British East Indian Company)

A
  • GOAL: make money (joint-stock company)
  • Controlled 3/5 of India
  • ended slavery, caste system
  • banned Sati
34
Q

Sepoy Rebellion (Early Change)

A
  • Sepoys (Indian Soldiers) rebelled against the British as they began to hold more control over them and have natives fight other natives
  • told to bite off tips of rifle cartridges (animal fat); against religious beliefs
    -Brit. killed thousands of unarmed India
35
Q

British Raj: Early Change

A
  • EIC
36
Q

British Raj: Later Change

A
  • Parliament ended rule of EIC
  • Unequal partnership
  • Indian National Congress: Indian nationlist, prepared for slef-rule
37
Q

Ram Mahun Roy

A
  • ## combined Brit & India ideas/tech./culture
38
Q
A
39
Q
A

APWH (8 decks)

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