Modern Period 1900-Present

Question 1

Name the scientists who discovered the structure of the DNA and when?

Answer 1

Crick and Watson discovered the structure of DNA in 1953

Question 2

List lifestyle factors that may cause disease

Answer 2

Unprotected sex
Drugs
Alcohol
Smoking
Too much sun
Diet

Question 3

In the 19th century there was also the first detailed reports about the impact of living conditions on people health, list 3:

Answer 3

Edwin Chadwick’s report on the sanitary conditions of the labouring population, 1842

Charles Booth’s life and labour of the people in London, 1891-1903

Seebohm Rowntree’s poverty: A study of town life, 1901

Question 4

Who discovered and developed the Electron microscope and when?

Answer 4

Ernst Ruska and Max Knoll in 1931

Question 5

New methods of diagnosing:

Answer 5

Blood tests
Blood pressure monitors
Endoscopes
ECGs
Ultrasound scans
CT scans
X-rays
MRI scans

Question 6

When were blood tests first used?

Answer 6

1930s

Question 7

When were blood pressure monitors first used?

Answer 7

1880s

Question 8

When were endoscopes first used?

Answer 8

1900s

Question 9

When was blood sugar monitoring first used?

Answer 9

1960s

Question 10

When were ECGs first used?

Answer 10

1900s

Question 11

When were ultrasound scans first used?

Answer 11

1940s

Question 12

When were CT scans first used?

Answer 12

1970s

Question 13

When were X-rays first used?

Answer 13

1890s

Question 14

When were MRI scans first used?

Answer 14

1970s

Question 15

What is a magic bullet?

Answer 15

a chemical cure that would attack the microbes in the body causing disease, leaving the body unharmed

Question 16

What was the first magic bullet called and who discovered it and when?

Answer 16

Salvarsan 600 was the first magic bullet, discovered by Vlata a Japanese scientist. It treated syphilis

Question 17

When was the NHS launched?

Answer 17

in 1948 by the government

Question 18

How did the NHS change the way people were cared for during this period?

Answer 18

It provides the same level of service for everyone in the nation

Question 19

List high tech medical and surgical treatments being carried out in the 20th century.

Answer 19

Keyhole surgery
Robotic surgery and Microsurgery
Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy
Kidney dialysis
Organ transplants

Question 20

List hereditary diseases and why the discovery of them is beneficial:

Answer 20

It is beneficial as doctors now understand that certain factors do not always cause disease.
Down syndrome
Haemophilia
Breast cancer

Question 21

Explain the Human Genome Project

Answer 21

Launched in 1990 by James Watson. For 10 years 18 teams of scientists all over the world worked together to map and decode the human genome.

Question 22

Explain the discovery of Penicillin

Answer 22

In 1928, Alexander Fleming noticed that bacteria in a petri dish was being killed by a penicillin mould. after doing further research he discovered that it made an excellent antibiotic. In 1929, he published his findings and several years later Florey and Chain continued to Fleming’s research and came to the realisation that it also worked on humans.

Question 23

Mass production of penicillin process

Answer 23

UK factories were being devoted to war efforts therefore it was difficult for Florey to mass produce penicillin considering that it needed a lot of space. In 1941 Florey then reached out to US drug companies and few agreed but it showed the effectiveness of penicillin. US began mass production in 1942 after entering WW2 and Britain began mass production in 1943.

Question 24

What is the most known drug that caused many issues to those that took it?

Answer 24

Thalidomide (1960s) caused deformities to new born babies since it promised it would treat morning sickness. Since this error society have seen the importance of trialling drugs efficiently.

Question 25

New technology has made it easier to create and provide drugs:

Answer 25

mass production of pills
development of capsules
hypodermic needles
insulin pumps

Question 26

When did diphtheria vaccination become necessary?

Answer 26

1942, there were concerns that they may be an epidemic due to the cramped conditions of air raid shelters but due to vaccinations the disease was no longer a problem

Question 27

When did polio vaccination become necessary?

Answer 27

1950,developed in the US by Jonas Salk and came to the UK in 1956 and the cases reported reduced very rapidly.

Question 28

When was the last reported case of Polio?

Answer 28

1984

Question 29

What campaigns encourage people to lead a healthier lifestyle and why?

Answer 29

Change4Life, the government want to encourage individuals within society to lead healthy lifestyles in order to maintain their health. Laws were also passed to stop people smoking in public to help them and passive smokers from avoiding lung cancer.

Question 30

When was the clean air act created and why?

Answer 30

1956 and 1968 due to the smog

Question 31

What is still in place to maintain air pollution?

Answer 31

limiting car emissions

Question 32

Some bacteria are now resistant to penicillin. True or false?

Answer 32

True since bacteria can mutate

Question 33

What is the main cause of lung cancer?

Answer 33

85% of people that had or have lung cancer smoke or smoked

Question 34

When was lung cancer first linked to smoking?

Answer 34

1950

Question 35

Is diagnosing lung cancer simple?

Answer 35

No, it is often misdiagnosed

Question 36

How was lung cancer diagnosed before compared to now?

Answer 36

By x-rays although now CT scans are used to get a more clear picture (dyes are used to make the lungs more visible)

Question 37

Treatment of lung cancer:

Answer 37

transplants
radiotherapy
chemotherapy

Question 38

What year was smoking banned in public spaces?

Answer 38

2007

Question 39

What year was the legal age to buy cigarettes lifted to 18 from 16?

Answer 39

2007

Question 40

When did smoking with children under the age of 18 in the car become banned?

Answer 40

2015

Question 41

Was taxation increased on tobacco products?

Answer 41

Yes in order to deter people from smoking, preventative laws