Industrial Period 1700-1900 Flashcards
Why did the search for rational explanations become more fashionable in the period 1700 – 1900?
Due to inspiring individuals such as, Robert Koch, Louis Pasteur ect
Improvements in technology i.e microscopes
Government action - Public health act 1875
What theory had scientists come up with to explain disease in the early 18th century?
Spontaneous generation which was the notion that microbes were produced by decaying matter.
What did Louis Pasteur discover and when?
The Germ Theory in 1861, this concept was discovered when he was investigating why liquids go sour for the brewing industry. Pasteur had discovered microbes caused decaying matter and theorised that microbes also caused disease but was unable to prove it.
What was the impact of Pasteur’s work?
He inspired individuals such as Robert Koch (who went on to win a noble prize for medicine in 1905) to continue his studies.
How did Koch develop Pasteur’s work?
Koch proved his theory and then went on to discover the specific microbes that cause Tuberculosis 1882 and Cholera 1883.
What did Koch discover to grow bacteria easily and make it more visible?
agar jelly and chemical dyes so that bacteria is much more visible under microscopes
List 3 factors that led to a change to the understanding of the causes of illness and disease.
Improved scientific knowledge
Improved technology
Individuals and their recent discoveries
List ways Florence Nightingale had an impact on hospital care and nursing in general
Demanded for 300 scrubbing brushes to remove dirt from within the hospital.
She organised clean bedding and nutritious meals to be provided.
She had a positive effect on the mortality rate (within 6 months it dropped from 40% to 2%)
She made nursing a respectable occupation and also opened Kings College Hospital in London where she provided nursing training (mainly focused on how to keep conditions hospitable)
What war did Florence Nightingale help out in?
Crimea War
What did Edward Jenner discover and when?
In 1798, Edward Jenner discovered the first vaccination which was for small pox. He came to the realisation that Dairy Maids who had previously had cow pox then didn’t get small pox so made a small incision on a young boy to put his theory to the test, he was correct.
Who disagreed with Jenner’s discovery and why?
Royal society - lack of scientific evidence
Inoculators - they would go out of business
The church - they disapproved of using animal infection in a human medicine as it is against God’s will.
What year did the Government make vaccination compulsory?
1852
What did John Snow discover, how and when?
In 1854, John Snow linked dirty water to being a cause of illness after mapping where people were dying and came to the realisation that near water pumps many individuals within society became ill and or died therefore the drinking water must of had an impact. Due to having no scientific evidence the Government decided not to take action immediately.
Why did the government finally take action after John Snow’s findings?
The Great Stink of the Summer in 1858 caused the government to finally take action since many fell ill after drinking water that had been contaminated with waste.
What did Joseph Lister discover and when?
In 1865, Lister discovered antiseptic when operating on a patient with a broken leg, he had wrapped their leg in bandages soaked in carbolic acid. Surprisingly, they did not get an infection. This then led to carbolic acid being sprayed in operating theatres.
