Modern Medicine 1900+ Flashcards
What is a magic bullet?
A mixture of a chemical and a dye to target diseases
What was the difference between the first and second magic bullets?
The first only cured syphilis and the second killed multiple diseases including pneumonia, scarlet fever and meningitis
In what year was the second magic bullet discovered?
1932
What was the first magic bullet called?
Salvarsan 606
What disease was Domagk trying to cure with the second magic bullet?
Blood poisoning
Why was the magic bullet important?
It was the first (chemical) cure
Who was the first person to work on developing penicillin?
Fleming
In what year was penicillin discovered?
1928
Why didn’t penicillin get developed in the 1920s?
Not enough funding as the government did not think it was important
Who funded the mass production of penicillin?
The American Government
What profession was the patient who received penicillin for 3 days?
A police officer
What was penicillin tested on before a human patient?
Mice
What are the names of the two scientists that developed penicillin?
Florey and chain
What is the name given to drugs that stop infections caused by bacteria?
Antibiotics
In what year was DNA discovered?
1953
Who discovered DNA?
Franklin, Watson and Crick
What improved technology helped the discovery of DNA?
X-ray photography
What did the Human Genome Project do?
Mapped out all the genes in the human body and identified their roles
What are genetic screening and therapy?
Testing genes and treatment of any issues
What reforms did the liberal Government pass between 1906-1911?
1906- Education 1907- School medical service 1908- Old Age Pension Act 1909- Back to back housing banned 1912- National Health Insurance Act
What disease did the first magic bullet cute?
Syphilis
What was published in 1942?
Beveridge’s Report
When was the NHS set up?
1948
Who set up the NHS?
Bevan
Name 3 developments in technology for diagnosis and treatment in hospitals
X-ray, MRI scans, radiotherapy, keyhole surgery, laser therapy
How did Behring help the discovery of the first magic bullet?
He isolated antitoxins then found a way to inject them to cure disease
When was the National Insurance Act?
1911
When was Booth’s report published?
1889
When was Rowntree’s report published?
1901
What did Hata do?
He discovered that there had previously been a mistake. The 606th compound they had tested and dismissed was actually effective
Who discovered the 2nd magic bullet?
Domagk
What drug did Domagk develop to cure blood poisoning?
Prontosil
Who did Domagk first test Prontosil on?
His daughter who was dying from blood poisoning after pricking her finger on a needle, he saved her life
How did Fleming discover penicillin?
He went on holiday and when he returned he found mould in a Petri dish containing bacteria. This mould made the bacteria around it disappear. This mould was penicillin
How did Fleming test penicillin?
Fleming used penicillin to treat a colleague’s eye infection
When did Florey and Chain test on a policeman?
1941
When did Fleming write his article?
1929
When was Penicillin mass produced for all?
1945
When did Franklin photograph DNA?
1951
How did Franklin manage to photograph DNA?
Using the improving X-rag technology
What did Watson and Crick do?
Identified the structure of DNA
What was the National Health Insurance Act?
- Free medical treatment for a wage earner
- Unemployment benefit provided for 15 weeks
What did Booth’s report do?
Recommended greater Government action
What did Rowntree’s report do?
Discusses the impact of poverty on health
How did Germany impact on the public health of Britain?
Germany had a welfare state and had a healthier and stronger army because of this. Britain knew that they could not miss out on working days so they improved public health
When was The Boer War?
1899-1902
What was the impact of The Boer War on public health?
Britain needed to improve public health as people were not healthy enough to go to war and they knew that WW1 was coming. This led to the Liberal Reforms
How did The Right to Vote impact on public health?
The Government were pressured into making change. Political parties needed to give concession to get votes and public health improvements were wanted/needed
Why did people oppose the NHS?
- Some people didn’t think the poor should be helped as they are sick and poor due to laziness
- Doctors afraid of losing their freedom and didn’t want to lose money
- Some people thought that people would become lazy because they were getting ‘something for nothing’ as this would make people less likely to bother working
What was the impact of the NHS on treatment?
All medical provision was covered but costs soared and glasses, dentistry and prescription costs were introduced in 1951
What was the impact of the NHS on doctors training?
- Specialised training for different areas of medicine
- Doctors = 7 years degree
- Nurses = 3 years degree
What was the impact of the NHS on technology?
People had access to:
- Blood transfusions
- X-rays
- Radiothery
- CAT scans
- MRI scans
- Endoscopes
- Dialysis machines
Who discovered the first magic bullet?
Erhlic
