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GCSE History: Medicine > Modern Medicine 1900+ > Flashcards

Modern Medicine 1900+ Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a magic bullet?

A

A mixture of a chemical and a dye to target diseases

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2
Q

What was the difference between the first and second magic bullets?

A

The first only cured syphilis and the second killed multiple diseases including pneumonia, scarlet fever and meningitis

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3
Q

In what year was the second magic bullet discovered?

A

1932

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4
Q

What was the first magic bullet called?

A

Salvarsan 606

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5
Q

What disease was Domagk trying to cure with the second magic bullet?

A

Blood poisoning

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6
Q

Why was the magic bullet important?

A

It was the first (chemical) cure

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7
Q

Who was the first person to work on developing penicillin?

A

Fleming

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8
Q

In what year was penicillin discovered?

A

1928

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9
Q

Why didn’t penicillin get developed in the 1920s?

A

Not enough funding as the government did not think it was important

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10
Q

Who funded the mass production of penicillin?

A

The American Government

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11
Q

What profession was the patient who received penicillin for 3 days?

A

A police officer

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12
Q

What was penicillin tested on before a human patient?

A

Mice

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13
Q

What are the names of the two scientists that developed penicillin?

A

Florey and chain

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14
Q

What is the name given to drugs that stop infections caused by bacteria?

A

Antibiotics

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15
Q

In what year was DNA discovered?

A

1953

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16
Q

Who discovered DNA?

A

Franklin, Watson and Crick

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17
Q

What improved technology helped the discovery of DNA?

A

X-ray photography

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18
Q

What did the Human Genome Project do?

A

Mapped out all the genes in the human body and identified their roles

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19
Q

What are genetic screening and therapy?

A

Testing genes and treatment of any issues

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20
Q

What reforms did the liberal Government pass between 1906-1911?

A 
1906- Education
1907- School medical service
1908- Old Age Pension Act
1909- Back to back housing banned
1912- National Health Insurance Act
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21
Q

What disease did the first magic bullet cute?

A

Syphilis

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22
Q

What was published in 1942?

A

Beveridge’s Report

23
Q

When was the NHS set up?

A

1948

24
Q

Who set up the NHS?

A

Bevan

25
Q

Name 3 developments in technology for diagnosis and treatment in hospitals

A

X-ray, MRI scans, radiotherapy, keyhole surgery, laser therapy

26
Q

How did Behring help the discovery of the first magic bullet?

A

He isolated antitoxins then found a way to inject them to cure disease

27
Q

When was the National Insurance Act?

A

1911

28
Q

When was Booth’s report published?

A

1889

29
Q

When was Rowntree’s report published?

A

1901

30
Q

What did Hata do?

A

He discovered that there had previously been a mistake. The 606th compound they had tested and dismissed was actually effective

31
Q

Who discovered the 2nd magic bullet?

A

Domagk

32
Q

What drug did Domagk develop to cure blood poisoning?

A

Prontosil

33
Q

Who did Domagk first test Prontosil on?

A

His daughter who was dying from blood poisoning after pricking her finger on a needle, he saved her life

34
Q

How did Fleming discover penicillin?

A

He went on holiday and when he returned he found mould in a Petri dish containing bacteria. This mould made the bacteria around it disappear. This mould was penicillin

35
Q

How did Fleming test penicillin?

A

Fleming used penicillin to treat a colleague’s eye infection

36
Q

When did Florey and Chain test on a policeman?

A

1941

37
Q

When did Fleming write his article?

A

1929

38
Q

When was Penicillin mass produced for all?

A

1945

39
Q

When did Franklin photograph DNA?

A

1951

40
Q

How did Franklin manage to photograph DNA?

A

Using the improving X-rag technology

41
Q

What did Watson and Crick do?

A

Identified the structure of DNA

42
Q

What was the National Health Insurance Act?

A
  • Free medical treatment for a wage earner

- Unemployment benefit provided for 15 weeks

43
Q

What did Booth’s report do?

A

Recommended greater Government action

44
Q

What did Rowntree’s report do?

A

Discusses the impact of poverty on health

45
Q

How did Germany impact on the public health of Britain?

A

Germany had a welfare state and had a healthier and stronger army because of this. Britain knew that they could not miss out on working days so they improved public health

46
Q

When was The Boer War?

A

1899-1902

47
Q

What was the impact of The Boer War on public health?

A

Britain needed to improve public health as people were not healthy enough to go to war and they knew that WW1 was coming. This led to the Liberal Reforms

48
Q

How did The Right to Vote impact on public health?

A

The Government were pressured into making change. Political parties needed to give concession to get votes and public health improvements were wanted/needed

49
Q

Why did people oppose the NHS?

A
  • Some people didn’t think the poor should be helped as they are sick and poor due to laziness
  • Doctors afraid of losing their freedom and didn’t want to lose money
  • Some people thought that people would become lazy because they were getting ‘something for nothing’ as this would make people less likely to bother working
50
Q

What was the impact of the NHS on treatment?

A

All medical provision was covered but costs soared and glasses, dentistry and prescription costs were introduced in 1951

51
Q

What was the impact of the NHS on doctors training?

A
  • Specialised training for different areas of medicine
  • Doctors = 7 years degree
  • Nurses = 3 years degree
52
Q

What was the impact of the NHS on technology?

A

People had access to:

  • Blood transfusions
  • X-rays
  • Radiothery
  • CAT scans
  • MRI scans
  • Endoscopes
  • Dialysis machines
53
Q

Who discovered the first magic bullet?

A

Erhlic

GCSE History: Medicine (5 decks)

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