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GCSE History: Medicine > Industrial Britain c1750-1900 > Flashcards

Industrial Britain c1750-1900 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is smallpox?

A

A rash which turns to blisters filled with puss, they drop off and cause scars

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2
Q

How is small pox spread?

A

Coughing, sneezing and touch

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3
Q

How many people died from small pox?

A

1/3

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4
Q

What is inoculation?

A

Spread a tiny bit of small pox into an open wound and this would cause a mild dose of the disease that would give immunity from the disease in the future

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5
Q

What did Lady Mary Wortley Montague do?

A

First person to promote inoculation, she has brought the idea back from Turkey in 1721 when she had her children inoculated

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6
Q

What was the problem with inoculation?

A

Some people died from the mild dose of smallpox and others became carriers

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7
Q

When did Jenner test the idea that cowpox created immunity to small pox?

A

1796

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8
Q

Who did Jenner test on?

A

James Phipps

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9
Q

What did Jenner do to test his idea?

A

Took some cowpox matter from a sore on the arm of Sarah Nelmes and inserted it into a cut on the arm of a young boy, James Phipps

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10
Q

What happened to James Phipps after his inoculation?

A

He developed immunity to small pox

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11
Q

After James Phipps, how many more people did Jenner vaccinate?

A

23

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12
Q

When did Jenner publish his report?

A

1798

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13
Q

Why did it take so long for Jenner’s report to be published?

A

The Royal Society refused to publish his report so he had to pay for it to be published himself

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14
Q

When was the vaccination against small pox made compulsory?

A

1852

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15
Q

Why was Jenner’s discovery significant?

A
  • Eradicated a major killer disease
  • Jenner showed that vaccination was possible
  • Small pox vaccination was safer than inoculation
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16
Q

Why was Jenner’s discovery not significant?

A
  • He couldn’t explain the link between cowpox and small pox
  • He couldn’t apply his discovery to other diseases
  • Vaccination wasn’t initially compulsory due to limited government support in the short term
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17
Q

When did Nightingale write ‘Notes on Nursing’?

A

1859

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18
Q

When did Nightingale write ‘Notes on Hospitals?

A

1863

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19
Q

What is ‘Laissez Faire’?

A

The ‘leave alone’ attitude. People did not want change and the Government to force them into things

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20
Q

When was the first public health act?

A

1848

21
Q

What was the problem with the first public health act?

A

It was not compulsory

22
Q

When was the second public health act?

A

1875

23
Q

What was different with the second public health act?

A

It was compulsory

24
Q

What is spontaneous generation?

A

Living organisms develop from nonliving matter

25
Q

What did Nightingale do in Scutari?

A

She cleaned the horrible conditions at the army hospital during the Crimean War

26
Q

What did Nightingale do at St Thomas’ Hospital?

A

Created the first nursing school

27
Q

What was the impact of Nightingale on nursing?

A
  • Nursing became a respected profession for the first time
  • Nurses were trained in practical skills
  • Nurses didn’t get taught about the Germ Theory
28
Q

Why did nurses not get taught the Germ Theory?

A

Nightingale did not believe in germs

29
Q

After Nightingale’s work, how was the death-rate in hospitals affected?

A

Fell from 40% to 2%

30
Q

In what years were the cholera epidemics?

A

1831-1866

31
Q

What is cholera?

A

An infectious disease that causes severe watery diarrhea, which can lead to dehydration and even death if untreated. It is caused by eating food or drinking water contaminated with a bacterium called Vibrio

32
Q

What report did Chadwick publish?

A

‘The sanitary condition of labouring population’

33
Q

When was Chadwick’s report published?

A

1842

34
Q

What was the effect of Chadwick’s report?

A

It made the government rethink their priorities and the report persuaded the government and people that reform was needed

35
Q

In what year did Jenner develop the small pox vaccination?

A

1796

36
Q

Why did Jenner face opposition?

A
  • Country doctor
  • People didn’t believe a cow disease could cure a human disease
  • He didn’t have proof
  • He couldn’t link it to other diseases
37
Q

What job did Pasteur do and in what country?

A

French Chemist

38
Q

What was Pasteur originally investigating?

A

Wine

39
Q

In what year did Koch prove that specific germs cause specific diseases?

A

1875

40
Q

What did Koch do?

A
  • He grew bacteria in dishes of agar jelly
  • Discovered that microbes could be stained with dye so that they could be seen more easily
  • He discovered specific microbes cause specific diseases
41
Q

Who was Koch?

A

A German doctor

42
Q

How was Koch’s work funded?

A

By the German government

43
Q

What are the 3 germs Koch discovered?

A

Cholera, Anthrax, TB

44
Q

Name 3 vaccines that Pasteur developed

A

Chicken Cholera, Anthrax, Rabies

45
Q

In what year did Nightingale go to the Crimea?

A

1854

46
Q

What changes did Nightingale make in wards in the Crimea?

A
  • Ventilation
  • Cleaned up
  • Sanitary conditions
  • Food and water
  • Supplies
47
Q

By 1901, how many trained nurses were there in Britain?

A

68,000

48
Q

What attitude did the government have the Industrial period?

A

Laissez Faire

GCSE History: Medicine (5 decks)

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