Modern Medicine Flashcards
Grecor Mendel
1860s- an Austrian scientist studies peas and suggests characteristics apart past from from plants to its offspring
Dna
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Double helix shape
In chromosomes found a nucleus contains genetic information
Dna
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Double helix shape
In chromosomes found a nucleus contains genetic information
X-Ray image of DNA
1951- Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins use an x-ray machine to capture an image of DNA at King’s college, London.
James Watson
Show an image of DNA by Morris and works with Francis Crick to interpret it- work together at Cambridge University
Watson and crick’s discoveries
Determines the double helix shape of DNA means it can unzip itself to make copies
Discover that genetic information is passed from parents to children.
1953- publish work
Human genome project
1990-A project by scientists all over the world to map entire Gene sequence of human beings finishes in 2001
Lifestyle factors: smoking
Causes lung cancer
Impacts of human genome project
Allows people to take DNA tests
If a disease is hereditary in the family, someone can test to see if they have a predisposition to it and take preventative surgeries
Hemophilia
Hereditary disease
If you know you have a predisposition to it, you can make the moral decision not to have children so that you don’t pass it down to them
Lifestyle factors: drinking
Causes liver failure
Lifestyle factors: drinking
Causes liver failure
Lifestyle factors: unhealthy diet
Can cause heart disease
Diagnosis: x-rays
Radiation pulses through soft tissue but absorbed by dense materials such as bone this hopes identify fractures or breaks
Diagnosis: CT scans
Computerized tomography
Uses x-rays and computers to make detailed images of organs, blood vessels and Bones
Can diagnose internal injuries, cancers and strokes
Diagnosis: endoscopes
Long Chiefs with cameras at end
And such through small cuts and moved key areas
Avoids need for major surgery this is known as keyhole surgery
Diagnosis: ECGs
Electrocardiograms
Monitor electronic waves emitted by heart needed for healthy heart function
Diagnosis: blood tests
Used my blood pressure, cholesterol levels and blood sugar. Detect certain cancers, heart attacks, strokes and diabetes
Diagnosis: MRI scans
Magnetic resonance imaging
Uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce images of soft tissue like brain
Can diagnose tumors, strokes and brain injuries
Treatment: magic bullets
Chemical that seeks out and sticks to specific germs then kills them
Treatment: Salvarsan 606
Paul elrich
Used to cure syphilis
1909
Joined by Japanese Hata
606 compound they tried
First chemical cure for any disease
Treatment: protosil
1932
Gerhard domagk
Gem scientist noticed red dye was effective against blood poisoning
Tested on mice and then used on his daughter. Saved her life. Second chemical cure for disease
Active ingredient sophonamide used in 1930s and ’40s for pneumonia
Problems with healthcare in the start of the 20th century
Stopped the 20th century. People still have to pay for healthcare and many could not afford to take time off work if they became ill
Beverage report
1942- Sir William Beveridge publishes a report arguing that healthcare should be free at the point of care
Wants to defeat the five giants