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history medicine revision 2023 > modern medicine > Flashcards

modern medicine Flashcards

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1
Q

when did crick and watson discover the structure of dna

A

1953

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2
Q

who produced the x-ray photo used by crick and watson to reveal dna’s structure

A

rosalind franklin and maurice wilkins

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3
Q

when did the human genome project begin and end

A

1990-2003

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4
Q

why was the discovery of dna’s structure significant

A

-paved the way for new advances in molecular biology
-facilitated better understanding of genetic diseases and how we can treat them

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5
Q

what was added to blood to prevent it from clotting

A

sodium citrate and later citrate glucose solution

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6
Q

what was the first magic bullet and when was it discovered

A

salvarsan 606 (which cured syphilis)- 1909

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7
Q

who discovered prontosil and when

A

gerhard domagk 1932

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8
Q

what compound did prontosil contain and what did it prove useful in treating

A

sulphonamide- scarlet fever and meningitis

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9
Q

when did alexander fleming discover the antibiotic properties of penicillin

A

1928

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10
Q

when did florey and chain begin researching penicillin

A

late 1930s

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11
Q

when was penicillin first trialled on a person

A

1941- it was trialled on a policeman named albert alexander who had a severe infection

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12
Q

how much funding did florey and chain get from the us

A

3 million dollars to mass produce and purify penicillin

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13
Q

when did william beveridge publish his report and what was it called

A

1942- social insurance and allied services

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14
Q

what were the 5 main problems that beveridge highlighted in his report

A

-want
-ignorance
-idleness
-squalor
-disease

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15
Q

what did beveridge propose setting up and what did it entail

A

welfare state (system in which government protects financial and social well-being of citizens):
-free education
-free healthcare
-improved housing
-social security
-full employment

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16
Q

when in the 1940s did labour win the general election

A

1945

17
Q

when was the national health service act and when did it come into effect

A

1946 and 1948

18
Q

roughly by how much has life expectancy increased since the nhs was established

A

13 years

19
Q

what are some of the successes of the nhs

A

-free public healthcare for all
-increase in life expectancy
-reduction in child/maternal deaths
-wide range of services available
-emphasis on preventative medicine i.e. mass vaccinations

20
Q

list some modern medical developments

A

-intravenous anaesthesia
-keyhole surgery
-improved specialist knowledge
-modern scanning techniques (x-ray, mri)

21
Q

how did marie curie’s work on radiation help medicine

A

-developing x-rays
-cancer treatment- radiotherapy

22
Q

who discovered x rays and when

A

wilhelm roentgen 1895

23
Q

when was a link established between tobacco smoke and cancer

A

1950s

24
Q

when did it become illegal to smoke inside

A

2007

25
Q

what percentage of men and women smoked in the 1950s

A

80 and 40% respectively

26
Q

when were cigarette adverts banned on tv

A

1965

27
Q

when did it become mandatory for tobacco companies to place warnings on their products

A

1971

28
Q

when was the change4life campaign launched

A

2009

29
Q

how much has smoking prevalence decreased

A

by more than half (around 15% of men smoke and 11.5% of women)

30
Q

why did so many people want to establish a welfare state

A

after the second world war, people believed they deserved a better future for their contribution

31
Q

why was the beveridge report important

A

the ideas outlined in the report provided the foundation for the welfare state

32
Q

when was the last polio case in the uk and why have there been no more cases since

A

1984 due to mass vaccination

33
Q

when was it made mandatory for drivers to wear seatbelts in the uk

A

1983

34
Q

when did people begin to use sodium citrate as an anticoagulant

A

1914

35
Q

when was it discovered that using a citrate glucose solution allowed blood to be stored for longer

A

1916

history medicine revision 2023 (7 decks)

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