Modern Liberalism Flashcards

1
Q

What type of individualism does ML follow?

A

Developmental individualism.

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2
Q

What do ML believe about freedom?

A

Belief in positive freedom. Society was an organic whole that pursued the common good, as well as individual interests. Some state intervention is necessary for this to happen.

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3
Q

What is the ML view on civil rights?

A

Everyone is entitled to full civil rights, including women and minorities.

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4
Q

What is the ML view on equality?

A

Some state intervention is necessary to narrow inequality. True equality is impossible without social justice.

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5
Q

What is the ML view on society?

A

Foundational equality isn’t enough. People should make their own choices but society is more than the sum of individuals it contains.

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6
Q

What is the ML view on the economy?

A

ML’s are conscious of failings of free-market capitalism, State intervention is necessary for sustainable growth and to limit injustice in terms of unemployment and poverty.

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7
Q

When did ML emerge?

A

20th century.

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8
Q

Why do ML’s disagree with negative freedom?

A

Insufficient for good society. Leaves the disadvantaged to struggle. People need assistance to live truly free lives.

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9
Q

Why do ML’s support positive freedom?

A

Freedom is defined as self-mastery. Qualified state intervention in the economy and society liberates people from evils such as poverty.

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10
Q

What type of state does ML believe in?

A

Enabling state.

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11
Q

Where did the concept of an enabling state come from?

A

Awareness of inequality in late 19th century society - issues like low pay, slum housing, etc.

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12
Q

What is the job of an enabling state?

A

If individuals are held back by social circumstances, the state has responsibility to reduce/remove them.

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13
Q

Who wrote the Beveridge Report and when was it published?

A

Sir William Beveridge. Published 1942.

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14
Q

What did the Beveridge Report state?

A

Liberty should be available equally to all. This was impossible if society was held back by the 5 Giants of Poverty.

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15
Q

What are the 5 Giants of Poverty proposed by the Beveridge Report?

A
Lack of education.
Ill health.
Poor living conditions.
Unemployment.
Poverty.
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16
Q

Who did the Beveridge Report influence?

A

Labour government of post war Britain. Resulted in institutions like the NHS.

17
Q

Who influenced ML economic views?

A

John Keynes.

18
Q

What is Keynesian economics?

A

Government intervention is necessary to ensure market economies are stable. The government can prevent slump by managing demand.

19
Q

When was Keynesianism most influential?

A

Decades after WWII, governments were more willing to correct failings of the market.