MODERN INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERICAL PRACTICE Flashcards
why is important to make good use of materials used to make a textiles product
to make sure you’re getting the most out of your money and avoiding waste
how can a designer develop designs more economically
during the prototyping stage of manufacture, designers can decide to adapt small sections of the garment which will have minimal impact on the appearance or functions - e.g making sections shorter or narrower, pattern pieces being placed closer, removing a seam. this all seems small but can result in big savings on fabric and threads, and less manufacturing time
why can fabric sometimes be quite wasteful and a less economical choice
some fabrics need to be cut in certain ways because of their nap. This can add considerably to the cost of making the product because the layout is likely to be quite wasteful.
how can the choice of components affect costs
a zip may be cheaper than buttons, as they require more manufacturing processes to make buttonholes e.g. Using beads and embroidery will cost more than a printed design, which is simpler to apply.
why is the quality of the finished product highly important to keep costs down and avoid waste
faulty goods cost manufacturers money and customers will not continue to buy their goods in future
why can modern manufacturing process increase efficiency
they can help make products accurately and reduce amount of waste produced which is better for costs. computer controlled systems usually produce more reliability with accuracy of manufacture and often cheaper to run as they use fewer operatives and efficient use of materials, running 24/7 without need for breaks.
how can manufacturers save money on fabric or componenents
buying in bulk as and when they are needed, using JIT systems can help save money as unused materials are not wasted and changes in fashions can be met quicker
what is set at the start of the manufacturing process
a budget
why are bespoke garments more expensive than mass produced garments
because costs of labour will be higher, and more luxurious fabrics and components are used
what are sub assemblies
this is where some parts of the product are assembled on a separate line before they go to the main production line
where can this separate line for sub assembly be
it could be a different line in a factory, a different factory or even a factory in a different country.
what will this product that has been made through sub assembly have
it will have specialised machinery or workers who are especially skilled in a particular type of production such as embroidery
what are the benefits of sub-assembly
it can help reduce manufacturing costs and enables the finished product to be of high quality.
It also fits in with JIT manufacture as the parts can be brought in as when needed.
what is scale of production
there are different production systems based on the types of products.
what do manufacturers/designers need to do in order to stay successful in the fashion industry
Manufacturers and designers need to make new and interesting products constantly to keep up with the changes in consumer tastes and trends
One-off bespoke production (JOB) + what kind of products does this type of production produce?
Where one highly craftsmen produces a single garment or textile product over a number of days or weeks. Each product is only made once or small quantities. The products are usually unique or made to a very high quality, and are expensive due to labour costs.
Batch production + what kind of products does this type of production produce?
A team of workers make a specified number of identical products which may be made in a one production run or batches repeated at certain times. The batches can range from two or 100000 products. Seasonal items are usually made in batch production.
Mass/line production + what kind of products does this type of production produce?
Very large quantities of products are made over and over. Machines are used for long periods of time so they are specialised/expensive, with skilled timed operators working to create one part of the final product, who then passes it to the next, can be boring. It’s used for repeat clothing.
Unit production systems + what kind of products does this type of production produce?
This is computerised system which uses machines at every part of manufacture. As this is a computerised system, it can tell manufacturers the exact time it will take to make and allows factories to respond quickly to changes in the market by producing 40 different styles together.
Quick response manufacturing + what kind of products does this type of production produce?
Modern fashion retailing depends on garments being produced according to consumer demand. Parts of garments are moved around constantly in factories, and when they are not being tend to, it costs money. In QRM workers share tasks within cells to make the products quicker.
Section + what kind of products does this type of production produce?
Like one off manufacture but larger scale to reduce costs. Workers specialise in making one major component of a garment and pass it onto the next until garment is finished. The workers are versatile and can carry out a number of different tasks.
Vertical in-house production + what kind of products does this type of production produce?
Is where high street retailers do their own designing, manufacturing and distribution. This allows lead times to be shortened so products are in shops quicker, and it also reduces costs of outsourcing manufacture. Zara is a popular retailer example who operates this process.
what is the fashion industry completely reliant on?
effective computer systems at every stage of design, manufacture, distribution, retailing and planning.
what are the types of manufacturing systems
- modular/cell production
- JIT
- QRM
- Flexible manufacturing systems
modular/cell production
When workers operate in small teams to enable products to be made as QRM.
Just in time (JIT) Manufacture
a stock control management system that ensures fabrics and components arrive at the factory just as they are needed to go onto production line. Exact quantities of materials are bought for each batch straight from suppliers of quality agreed so there is no need to store extra materials in warehouses, saving money. The whole process is computerised, it enables less waste and is more sustainable.
QRM (quick response manufacturing)
computer control can help manufacturers respond quickly to change in the market and save on production costs.
Flexible manufacturing systems
(e.g QRM) a system that is able to respond quickly to changes in demand, like fad designs. It allows for the manufacture of smaller orders so consumers can get items specifically tailored for their needs in a short time.
why is important that full use of space on the air travel made available
its expensive and has an environmental impact
what computerised systems do movement of garments to and from factories typically use
they use EDI or JIT in these manufacturing and distribution stages.
why are components added to products
to make them functional or to add detail, style and individuality.
why is it more economical for manufacturers to buy ready made components than making themselves with specialised machinery
they can buy the exact quantities needed per product using JIT stock control methods to be cost effective.
why is it that components being of standard size make production more efficient
this makes manufacturing more efficient as they can make multiple components of the same size.
global production of textiles products
many textile products are designed in one country and made in another. With easy communication via the internet with adaptations or updates sent over in a few seconds.
why do businesses use offshore production
Products are made overseas as labour is often cheaper or materials may be more readily available. As well as some overseas manufacturers are more skilled and specialist.
disadvantages of offshore production
The environmental costs are high due to fuel costs and air pollution tax - and also ensuring employment in the UK are crucial factors to consider.
Other moral issues around oversea manufacture may be working condition related or pay for staff.
why do consumers prefer branded goods
Consumers may think branded goods can enhance their personal image, or reassures the quality of goods with well-known brands.
what does a contract manufacturer do
A contract manufacturer makes branded or labelled products for another company. These products may be based on their own or the customer’s designs and specifications
what is EDI (electronic data interchange)
a system that allows computers to exchange information electronically in a standard format between business partners.
What is JIT (just in time)
a stock control management system that ensures fabrics and components arrive at the factory just as they are needed to go into production line
Mass customisation
the modification of standard designs to individual customer requirements
Batches
a specified number of identical products that may be made in one production run
Work in progress
The different parts of the garment that are cut out and ready to be sewn together
