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TEXTILES PAPER 1 > DIGITAL DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE > Flashcards

DIGITAL DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE Flashcards

1
Q

what can digital body scanners allow for?

A

the mass customisation of standard designs, where mass produced garments can be modified based on customers needs

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2
Q

what does the 3d body scanner collect

A

a customers measurements

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3
Q

what can a customer select and customise to see on their virtual model

A

fabrics, styles and design features

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4
Q

what does PDS stand for

A

pattern design systems

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5
Q

what does the PDS do in virtual modelling

A

it creates an individual pattern based on the body measurements

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6
Q

what system is the garment made with

A

a QRM system (Quick Response Manufacturing)

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7
Q

in addition to helping with the design of garments and developing pattern templates, the PDS system can do what

A

it can present images and virtual prototypes - designers can create catalogues of garments and product ranges to show clients, these can be accessed at any point of production.

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8
Q

the PDS system is great at simulating (blank) of garments for a customers own body

A

the drape, fit and texture of garments

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9
Q

what is the benefit of digital printing for designers

A

the computer design programme can directly print onto any short length fabric - allowing designers to experiment with endless patterns and colour variations with minimal cost.

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10
Q

the production of short - length printed fabric samples are useful for designers as…

A

they can show clients, display at trade fairs or used in the manufacture of specialised and bespoke orders.

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11
Q

what does EDI stand for + meaning

A

electronic data interchange: a system that allows the computer to exchange information electronically in a standard format between business partners, removing the need for paper documents.

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12
Q

what is the name for an EDI system commonly used in fashion and textiles + what they do

A

barcodes: they represent data about the product they are attached to, they are read by special optical scanners and apps.

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13
Q

what does EPOS stand for + meaning

A

electronic point of sale: a self-contained electronic checkout that accepts all forms of payment, and also updates on stock levels.

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14
Q

how can EPOS be useful for a business to know when to reorder stock

A

the stock list records the number of items sold which can show when and how many to reorder from the manufacturer. However this is commonly done automatically when the stock becomes low.

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15
Q

how can centralised storage depots help save money on warehouse space and wages for workers

A

centralised storage depots are where goods are received and dispatched straight away to the shops. It saves money as no items are left in warehouses and fewer operatives are needed as products are not being continually handled.

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16
Q

how is information on EPOS used for marketing purposes and collect data on products sold

A

loyalty cards offered by large retailers can identify the individual customer and allow the retailer to customise their marketing based on each shoppers buying patterns once the barcode is scanned. The data can be used as part of their market research to inform the development of new products and marketing strategies.

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17
Q

How can the use of EDI networks to analyse consumer trends benefit all areas of the textiles industry

A

can help meet consumer demand better, and enable consumers to get specially tailored items in a very short period of time.

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18
Q

what can demand activated manufacture allow for

A

allow for fashion manufacture to be more sustainable by reducing waste that is created with over-production - manufacturers only produce products that are ordered from consumers

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19
Q

what does PPC stand for + meaning

A

a product, planning and control system with concerns planning and controlling all areas of manufacturing

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20
Q

what is the key feature of a PPC system

A

it is adaptive, allowing for changes in the market, different customer requirements, changes in the supply chain and be able to deal with other problems as they arise

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21
Q

what can the PPC help manufacturers be

A

it can help manufacturers remain competitive in the ever changing fashion environment

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22
Q

why is a computerised system like the PPC necessary in modern day

A

it helps manufacturers to work out the materials, manpower, machinery and money required in order to produce a specified level of output given at any period of time.

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23
Q

some advantages of PPC

A
  • ability to constantly monitor flow of production
  • improved use of available capacity
  • lower excess costs as no ‘wasting time’
  • fewer production stoppages
  • ability to respond quickly to change
  • reduction in lead times
  • improved decision making (central storage)
  • more efficient planning processes
  • visibility of all orders + their status
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24
Q

what type of materials are ‘special materials’ and examples

A

those that have been specially made for a specific product - printed fabrics, embroidered panels or specific types of buttons.

25
Q

how can a PPC system be useful for manufacturers who sourced special materials

A

it will co-ordinate the different delivery dates so that all the materials needed will be available when starting production, as special materials will have longer delivery dates

26
Q

what is the issue of an order being to early or too late during manufacture of products

A

if its too early it will take up unnecessary space in storage (potentially increasing costs) and if its too late, production will be held up which has financial implications for the manufacturer

27
Q

why is each operation in the manufacture timed?

A

the time will be recorded in order to make an accurate production plan.

28
Q

what can CAD and CAM tech help manufacturers to compete on

A

they can compete effectively in global markets where fashion changes quick and efficient manufacturing.

29
Q

ADVANTAGES USING CAD - COMPARED TO MANUAL ALTERNATIVES:

A
  • CAD systems save time and money, and often allows designers to be more creative with their ideas
  • Designers access to a database of designs, these can be adapted to new designs, and having existed designs saves the time of re-drawing.
  • Using software for experimentation with colours patterns shape and style saves time as manual would require lots of materials and tools, this also saves money.
  • Different parts of the design/manufacturing processes are often in different places/countries. CAD allows designs to be sent electronically and faster interactions with clients for new decisions and feedback proposals.
30
Q

DISADVANTAGE USING CAD - COMPARED TO MANUAL ALTERNATIVES:

A

-DISADVANTAGE: the initial set up costs for systems are high, and efficient use required every company involved in the process to have compatible systems

31
Q

COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN (CAD):

A

CAD software packages make a seamless link with many computer controlled manufacturing processes.

32
Q

what has CAD allowed for in the process of designing garments

A

CAD has made the process of designing garments quicker and cheaper as physical samples are not required as early or as frequently, like in manually produced designs.

33
Q

pattern design system (PDS)

A

a computer programme that makes pattern templates automatically from 3D model

34
Q

Virtual prototype:

A

A prototype product modelled on a computer but not actually made.

35
Q

presentation board

A

a collection of illustrations, samples and colourways used to present final ideas to client.

36
Q

how does the use of CAD help to develop and present ideas for products to clients

A

Clients will want to look at the first design ideas and choose some for development.
designers will usually use a presentation board to show ideas.
this will include sketches, fabric examples and possible components.
Images on the board can be easily generated using CAD.
Changes to the design can be made quickly without the need to start fresh, shortening the time needed for development.
It enables important design decisions to be made before physical samples - saving time and money.

37
Q

What then happens to the design once the customer approved the design

A

Once pattern is made, the PDS can used to create virtual samples, reducing costs of sample fabric and allows them to be sent electronically to manufacturers or clients.
This also means errors can be detected at an early stage of development, before production of the first prototype.

38
Q

HOW CAD IS USED IN INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS

A

Designing repeat patterns for fabric prints, embroidery designs, knitted or woven patterns
Creating databases of patterns/designs that can be used as starting points for new ideas
Designing new products that can be shown in different colourways and with different applied patterns.
Experimenting with colour, pattern and texture on 3D images of a garment:
Making virtual prototypes can show how garments move on human figure, and in different colour ranges

39
Q

what can templates either be

A

Templates can either be from the standardised blocks in CAD or from existing patterns.

40
Q

why is the PDS system useful

A

The PDS software reduces time, material costs, ensures accuracy and decreases reliances on skilled operators. In factories, the templates will be sent to fabric laying and cutting systems.

41
Q

what can CAD predict

A

the cost of the garment

42
Q

WHAT IS CAM

A

Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) is the use of software and computer-controlled machinery to automate a manufacturing process.

43
Q

What does CAM use

A

CAM uses automated machines that are controlled by computers and is often used in conjunction with CAD.

44
Q

What is the benefits of CAM over manual manufacture

A

CAM is used to replace manual operation, meaning machines work continuously, quality more consistent & fewer faulty goods. CAM can use materials or chemicals that could be harmful to humans.

45
Q

Examples of Highly specialised machines used in CAM

A

dart sewers, buttonholer, patch pocket setters, pocket flap sewing, hemmers and seam sewers.

46
Q

after WW2, what did the demand for fabrics at an affordable cost mean for weaving and knitting processes

A

They had to be made faster

47
Q

Modern weaving looms are automated, allowing for…

A

the weft threads to be inserted more efficiently and different colours to be woven at correct time to make patterns

48
Q

CAD software used to design the fabric can send instructions to looms or knitting machines that make the fabric in any country in the world. True or false

A

TRUE

49
Q

what are designs for fabric print developed on

A

CAD - Designs for heat transfer printing are made on a computer and transferred to the printing paper using automated equipment.

50
Q

Why is digital printing on CAD and CAM more commercially viable?

A

Digital printing is done on CAD and CAM is becoming more commercially viable because of the costs have fallen and tech improved.

51
Q

what are the benefits of using CAM for printing

A

Printing inks use pigments as they are cheaper and give better wash/light fastness.

52
Q

Lay plan

A

a diagram showing how pattern templates are to be placed onto fabric ready for cutting out.

53
Q

Manufacturing processes using CAM

A
  • Lay planning/computer controlled cutting
  • Automated button holing
  • MAKING AND SEWING OF POCKETS
  • SEAM STITCHING
  • PRESSING
54
Q

barcode meaning

A

an optical, machine-readable label that uses black lines to represent data

55
Q

what pre-processes does fabric ordered for product manufacture go through before being cut

A

Fabric ordered for product manufacture undergoes inspections for flaws before it is cut into pattern shapes. E.g dyeing imperfections, poor printed patterns, holes or frayed sections. This checking can be done via automated machines, and once fabric roll is checked, it will be labelled with fit for use with barcode labels

56
Q

how can pattern cutting machines be more beneficial

A

They ensure a clean cut with all parts of the fabric being utilised to the best of its ability, which is pre planned on a computerised lay plan

57
Q

What are the benefits of automated button holing

A

computers remember the sequence of stitches to repeatedly make buttonholes of the same shape and size, as well as same spacing between buttons when multiple are designed

58
Q

what kind of stitches are used in “seam stitching” CAM manufacture

A

Long seams like those used on legs of trousers can be stitched on an automated profile machine.

59
Q

what is the name of the specialist pressing machine when garments leave the factory?

A

Steam dolly is a specialist pressing machine used for skirts, trousers or duresses to help reduce creasing.

TEXTILES PAPER 1 (6 decks)

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