Modern Genetics Flashcards
for vocab only
Codon
a set of 3 nitrogen bases on mRNA that codes for an amino acid
Deoxyribose
the sugar in DNA
Diploid (2n)
the total number of chromosome for a species (humans = 46)
DNA
contains instructions needed to make protein
sex cells (sperm and egg cells or ovum and pollen) made during meiosis.
Gametes
Gene expression
the process of using genetic information to make a protein when needed
Haploid (n)
the number of chromosomes in a sex cell (Humans = 23)
Homologous Chromosomes
Chromosomes that contain the same genetic information.
Molecular base
a part of a nucleotide (A, T, C, G)
mRNA
made in the nucleus, is the message of what protein to make. (a single stranded molecule that carries the information from DNA to the Ribosome to make proteins)
Mutation
a change in DNA caused by a mutagenic agent
Non-homologous structures
two chromosomes that do not match; do not contain the same genetic information.
Nucleotide
The building block of DNA
Polypeptide
an unfinished protein (string of amino acids)
Protein synthesis
process of making proteins
Ribose
Sugar in RNA
Ribosome
cell organelle where proteins are made
Transcription
process of making mRNA from DNA
Translation
process of making proteins from mRNA
Trisomy 21
Down syndrome- caused by having 3 #21 chromosomes instead of 2
tRNA
gets amino acids from cytoplasm to the ribosome
Meiosis
process of making sex cells
Mutagenic Agent
Something that causes a change in DNA. X-rays, UV rays, etc.
allele
different forms of a trait
