Modern Genetics

Question 1

1900

Answer 1

De Vries and Correns rediscovered Medelian genetics (botanists)

Question 2

1902

Answer 2

Morgan’s experiments supported chromosomal theory of Inheritance (fruitflies)

Question 3

1902 continued

Answer 3

Garrod hypothesized herritable factors determine inborn errors of human metabolism (Alkaptonuria)

Question 4

1905

Answer 4

Bateson championed Mendelism and coined “genetics”

Question 5

1909

Answer 5

Johannsen coined “gene”

Question 6

1930s

Answer 6

Beadle and Tatum promoted one gene one enzyme hypothesis

Question 7

Mutation

Answer 7

Change in sequence nucleic acids in DNA

Question 8

Theory

Answer 8

Not testable, broad explanation, many lines of evidence

Question 9

Beadle and Tatum experiment

Answer 9

hypothesized that mutation altered a gene coding for an enzyme treated type of mold with x-rays, determine wild mold could live on minimal nutrients media

Question 10

Macromolecule/polymer

Answer 10

carbohydrate, protein, nucleic acid

Question 11

Building block/monomer

Answer 11

sugars, amino acids, nucleotides

Question 12

Srb and Horowitz

Answer 12

(Stanford) experiment with mold mutants with enzymes gets zapped

Question 13

Pauling et al

Answer 13

revised one gene-one enzyme to one gene one protein, to one gene one polypeptide

Question 14

Crick

Answer 14

central dogma genes code for polypeptide, DNA strand template-> transcription-> mRNA-> translation-> protein

Question 15

Codon

Answer 15

set of three consecutive nitrogenous bases on DNA or RNA

Question 16

4 n-bases

Answer 16

4^3 to make 20

Question 17

Polypeptide recipe

Answer 17

nucleotide sequence in nuclear DNA dictates order by ribosomes bond amino acids, DNA-> ribosome thru nuclear envelope

Question 18

Transcription

Answer 18

process of transferring info from DNA to RNA, 3 stages, initial, elongated, termination

Question 19

Translation

Answer 19

process of trafering info from RNA to protein

Question 20

tRNA molecules

Answer 20

maintain specificity of the relation among codons and amino acids, cytoplasm contains lots of amino acids and tRNA

Question 21

Mutations

Answer 21

affect transcription, translation or expression,

Question 22

Types of Mutation

Answer 22

silent (codon doesn’t change but polypeptide does)
missense (changes polypeptide)
nonsense (stop)
frameshift (extra nucleotide) (1 pair deletion) (3 cell deletion)

Question 23

Sickle cell

Answer 23

go crazy