Modern Day Flashcards
c1900 - present day
What did Archibald Garrod theorise?
In 1902 he theorised that hereditary diseases are caused by missing information in the body’s chemical pathways
What and when was the work of Rosalind Franklin?
1951 she photographed DNA
What and when was the work of James Watson and Francis Crick?
1953 Watson and Crick published a paper proving understanding of its structure meaning that DNA causing hereditary diseases could be explored
When was the launch of the Human Genome Project?
1990
When was the mapping of the Human Genome completed and what was the effect?
2000
Scientists could use the blueprint of a human’s DNA to look for mistakes in the DNA of people suffering from hereditary diseases
What are 4 common technologies used for diagnosis of disease in the 21st century?
- MRI scans
- ultrasound scans
- x-rays
- blood tests
When were blood tests first used?
1930s
What is the purpose of blood tests?
to test for an enormous number of conditions without the need for invasive diagnosis methods
When were MRI scans first used?
1970s
How do MRI scans detect disease or injury?
They use magnets and radio waves to create an internal image of the body.
What are MRI scans best suited to detect?
Soft tissue injuries such as ligament damage
When were X-Rays first used?
1890s
What is the purpose of X-Rays?
to see inside the body without cutting into it
When were ultrasound scans first used?
1940s
How do ultrasound scans detect faults?
They use sound waves to build up a picture inside of the body
What are ultrasounds useful for diagnosing?
- Gallstones
- Kidney stones
- Also useful in pregnancies
How did the government change during the modern world?
They took a more active role in supporting the public health of the population
What was the importance of Paul Ehrlich?
Led the research team that discovered the first chemical cure, Salvarsan 606 in 1909 that cured syphilis
What was the importance of Alexander Fleming?
discovered mould that killed the germ staphylococcus in 1928
What was the importance of Howard Florey and Ernst Chain?
They took Fleming’s research and investigated further, discovering penicillin could kill infections inside the body. They gained US support for mass production of the drug
When was prontosil discovered and what was it?
1932, it cured blood poisoning
What was the first true antibiotic?
Penicillin
What were 3 examples of vaccinations introduced in the 20th century?
1940s - diphtheria
1950s - whooping cough
1960s - tetanus
What is a primary example of access to care improving in the 20th century?
The NHS being set up in 1948
