Modern Anesthetics Exam 1

Question 1

First anesthetic used in 1934

Answer 1

Cyclopropane

Question 2

Major drawback of cyclopropane anesthetic

Answer 2

violently explosive and flammable

Question 3

Major benefit of cyclopropane

Answer 3

Rapid onset
very potent

Question 4

What drug came after cyclopropane in 1956?

Answer 4

Halothane

Question 5

major benefit of halothane over cyclopropane

Answer 5

non-flammable

Question 6

what are drawbacks of halothane? (4)

Answer 6

hepatotoxicity
malignant hyperthermia
slow onset
myocardial depression

Question 7

what drug came after halothane in 1981?

Answer 7

Isoflurane

Question 8

what are major benefits of isoflurane?

Answer 8

non-flammable like halothane
low risk of hepatotoxicity
less cardiac depression

Question 9

what are major drawbacks of isoflurane?

Answer 9

hypotension
irritation of airways
pungent smell
respiratory depression

Question 10

what are the 2 anesthetics used today?

Answer 10

desflurane 1992
sevoflurane 1995

Question 11

what are the benefits of desflurane?

Answer 11

rapid onset and offset

reduced cognitive dysfunction post op due to less anesthetic accumulation

Question 12

what are the major drawbacks of desflurane?

Answer 12

airway irritation
pungent smell not for pediatrics
greenhouse gas
hypotension

Question 13

where was sevoflurane discovered and what are its benefits?

Answer 13

made in Japan in 1970

non-irritant, sweet smell
relatively rapid onset and recovery
suitable for pediatrics

Question 14

what are major drawbacks of sevoflurane?

Answer 14

COMPOUND A!! when exposed to soda lime
hypotension at higher doses

Question 15

what is compound A?

Answer 15

formed when sevoflurane comes into contact with soda lime
can cause kidney damage

Question 16

who discovered MAC?
(mean alveolar concentration)

Answer 16

Edmond Eger II
1960-1990

Question 17

what is MAC?

Answer 17

MAC is the concentration of an inhaled anesthetic at which 50% of patients do not move in response to a surgical incision