Models Of Treatment Flashcards
Behavioral Model
Consider mental, emotional, spiritual elements
Musculoskeletal system intimately involved in presenting mental status
stress= inc tension tissues OR
SD’s enhance psych concerns
Goals of Behavioral
Improve ability to manage/compensate/adapt to stressors
Improve biological /psych/social components of health
Est emotional balance and improve compensation
Biomechanical Model
POV: structural or mechanical
SD’s alter posture/ease of motion = impede vascular/lymphatic/metabolic/endocrine/neuro
Goals of Biomechanical
Keep body aligned w/o SD’s by
remove restrictions
restore joint mobilization
relieve fascia barriers to enhance motion
relieve pain
Metabolic-Energy Model
Balance b/t energy production + maintenance + expenditure AKA homeostasis
Ability to adapt to internal/external stressors and restore health
Goals of Metabolic-Energy
Enhance self regulation/ healing
Remove SD’s to dec energy expenditure
Educate proper nutrition/exercise/sleep to restore energy reserves
Enhance immune system/endocrine and organ function to dec burden of disease
Improve cranial/sacral fluid fluctuations
Neurological Model
Strains of neuro function from mechanical stressors, metabolic abnormalities, reps/circ restrictions, behavioral
Goals of Neurological
Restore chem balance
Est autonomic balance AKA para/sympathetic
Address viscero-somatics AKA reflex activity
Remove facilitated segments / SD’s
Dec afferent/incoming nerve signals to relieve pain
What do the models of osteopathic care let us do?
approach pt’s from different pov
change thru pt lift
template for treatment
Respiratory-Circulatory Model
focus on homeostasis to maintain health and respond quickly to eradicate disease
strains in tissue = no nutrition in or waste out
Goals of R-C Model
reduce work of breathing
proper motion of diaphragm and thoracic cage
remove obstructions
basically OMM > respiration > circulation > improve health
Circulation
definition
delivery of substrates thru arterial system
removal waste through venous/lymph
in closed system
3 pumps of cardiovascular-pulmonary system
heart (pressure pump)
diaphragm (ab-thoracic pump)
muscles (peripheral)
Circulation
mechanism
fluid from high pressure (arterial) by heart
to lower pressure (venous) by respiratory sys
gradient required- if too close then more difficulty
Difference b/t arteries and veins
pressure
arteries have muscles = inc P
veins need surrounding muscles
Venous return
- one way valves
- muscle pumps (soleus)
- 4 diaphragms
soleus acts as second heart
4 diaphragms
- tentorium cerebelli
- thoracic inlet
- thoraco-abdominal
- lumbo-pelvic
lymphatic vessels
function
collect and drain lymph from tissue
filter thru nodes
empty into venous system
lymph contains metabolic waste
same pumps as veins
terminal drainage of lymphatics
thoracic inlet
respiration
definiton
movement of air or dissolved gas into and out of lungs
aka exchange of oxygen for carbon dioxide
respiration depends on
volume and distribution of blood
volume and distribution of ventilation (breathing)
diffusion characteristics across barrier in alveoli
respiration
mechanism
146 joints
reflex activity (vagus nerve, phrenic nerve, intercostal nerves, carotid body)
fascial planes
inhalation
ribs up
vertical(AP, sagittal) and lateral/transverse diameters inc
diaphragm down
lungs expand
air flow into lungs
negative intrathoracic pressure
exhalation
lungs recoil passively
ribs down
sagittal and transverse diameters dec
diaphragm up
air out of lungs
positive intrathoracic pressure
most important diaphragms for thorax pressure
cervicothoracic/inlet
thoracoabdominal
inlet also called sibson’s fascia
Sibson’s fascia
cervico-thoracic
part of the scalene fascia into neck and base of skull
promotes superficial V/L return from head/neck
V/L venous lymphatic
most powerful pump of body
thoracoabdominal diaphragm
drives and collects from other smaller diaphragms
what causes inflammatory rxn
passive congestion and accumulated waste products
