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physci - kco > MODELS OF THE UNIVERSE & EARLY ASTRONOMY > Flashcards

MODELS OF THE UNIVERSE & EARLY ASTRONOMY Flashcards

1
Q

He was the first one to originate a spherical earth

A

PYTHAGORAS

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2
Q

Pythagoras spherical earth theories: (3)

A

NCP and SCP Constellations
Sinking Ships
Partial Lunar eclipse

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3
Q

During this event, Earth’s curved shadow on the moon disproves a flat Earth theory, showcasing Earth’s spherical nature.

A

Partial Lunar eclipse

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4
Q

On a flat Earth, ships would remain visible even as they sail away due to lack of curvature.

A

Sinking Ships

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5
Q

Constellations differ between the northern and southern hemispheres due to Earth’s tilt. Exceptions occur around the 30 degrees latitude due to Earth’s tilt. If flat, we’d see the same constellations everywhere.

A

NCP and SCP Constellations

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6
Q

He supported Pythagoras’ idea that the Earth is circular due to its equidistant proportions.

A

PLATO

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7
Q

He quoted that earth is a form of a globe having its extremes in every direction equidistant from the center.

A

PLATO

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8
Q

His work on 350 BC entitled, “On the Heavens” initiated the idea of a geocentric universe with fixed spherical earth at its center.

A

ARISTOTLE

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9
Q

He demonstrated that the Earth is circular by observing the cast shadow during the solstice.

A

ERASTOSTHENES

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10
Q

Ancient scholars tried to provide proof of a spherical Earth and its circumference through calculations. It was ———- who gave the most accurate size during their time.

A

Eratosthenes

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11
Q

Proposed by Claudius Ptolomy

States that the Earth was at the center of the universe and that all celestial bodies revolved around it.

A

Geocentric Theory

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11
Q

Proposed by Nicolaus Copernicus

states that the Sun was at the center of the solar system, with the planets, including Earth, orbiting around it.

A

Heliocentric Theory

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12
Q

According to him, there are 27 interconnected geocentric spheres.

A

EUDOXUS OF CNIDUS (390-337 BCE)

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13
Q

He was one of the first to propose that the Earth is at the center of the universe, a belief that was widely accepted, including by Aristotle.

A

EUDOXUS OF CNIDUS (390-337 BCE)

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14
Q

also introduced the concept of a prime mover.

A

Aristotle

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15
Q

In conjunction with Eudoxus’ model, he added 3 spheres to Jupiter and Mars; 4 spheres to Sun, Moon, Venus and Mercury.

A

ARISTOTLE (384-322 BCE)

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16
Q

who made this theory

The stars are fixed bodies attached to a solid spherical exterior part of the universe.

A

CLAUDIUS PTOLOMY (90-168 CE)

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17
Q

Planets move independently of the fixed stars and sometimes, the planets seem to reverse their motion.

A

CLAUDIUS PTOLOMEY (90-168 CE)

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18
Q

He stated that the sun and stars are fixed.

A

ARISTARCHUS (310-230 BCE)

19
Q

he was the first to suggest that the Sun is at the center of the universe.

A

ARISTARCHUS (310-230 BCE)

20
Q

He corrected the geocentric theory and proposed the Heliocentric Theory

A

NICOLAUS COPERNICUS (1473-1543)

21
Q

Stated Earth is one of the planets orbiting around the Sun.

A

NICOLAUS COPERNICUS (1473-1543)

22
Q

Earth’s axial tilt of — degrees results in seasonal changes.

A

23.5

23
Q

occurs around September 22 or 23, signaling the transition to winter as leaves shed to conserve water.

A

Autumnal Equinox

23
Q

are points in Earth’s orbit when the Sun reaches its northernmost or southernmost point relative to the celestial equator.

A

Solstice

23
Q

marking equal day and night lengths.

A

Equinox

24
Q

occurs around March 22, marking the start of spring.

A

Vernal Equinox

25
Q

around December 22, brings long nights and short days.

A

Winter solstice

26
Q

around June 22, brings long days and short nights.

A

Summer solstice

27
Q

He designed and built huge instruments used to make precise measurements of the positions of the planets.

A

TYCHE BRAHE (1546-1601)

28
Q

He discovered a supernova in the constellation Cassiopeia in 1572.

A

TYCHE BRAHE (1546-1601)

29
Q

He modified the geocentric model of the universe.

A

TYCHE BRAHE (1546-1601)

30
Q

He made observations of planetary motions that are important to the development of Kepler’s Laws and other models of the solar system.

A

TYCHE BRAHE (1546-1601)

31
Q

is renowned for his Tychonic model, which proposed that both the Earth and the Sun are at the center of the universe, creating a hybrid of the geocentric and heliocentric systems.

A

TYCHE BRAHE (1546-1601)

32
Q

He discovered sunspots and the rough surface of the moon.

A

GALILEO GALILEI (1564-1642)

33
Q

He discovered the 4 famous moons of Jupiter known as Galilean moons.

A

GALILEO GALILEI (1564-1642)

34
Q

He discovered that Venus has phases like the moon.

A

GALILEO GALILEI (1564-1642)

35
Q

Law of ellipses is by?

A

JOHANNES KEPLER (1571-1630)

36
Q

It states that the orbits of the planets are ellipses, with the sun at one focus.

A

Law of ellipses

37
Q

states that planetary orbits are elliptical, with the Sun located at one of the foci. This discovery revolutionized our understanding of celestial motion, revealing that orbits are not perfectly circular but rather elongated ellipses.

A

Law of ellipses

38
Q

This discovery revolutionized our understanding of celestial motion, revealing that orbits are not perfectly circular but rather elongated ellipses.

A

law of ellipses

39
Q

represents the farthest point from the Sun, occurring around July 4th, at approximately 94.5 million miles.

A

Aphelion

40
Q

marks the closest point to the Sun, occurring around January 3rd, at approximately 91.4 million miles.

A

Perihelion

41
Q

It states that an imaginary line drawn from the sun to a planet sweeps out equal areas in equal intervals.

A

Law of equal areas

42
Q

The closer a planet is to the Sun, the faster it moves in its orbit. This principle is exemplified by Mercury, which completes its revolution around the Sun in just 88-90 days. In contrast, other planets take several years to complete their orbits.

A

Law of harmonies

physci - kco (9 decks)

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