Models of disability

Question 1

Medical model

Answer 1

Views disability as functional limitation which is biologically or physiologically determined

Question 2

Medical-biological diagnosis emphasises:

Answer 2

Individual pathology
Individual (personal) deficit
Individual medical treatment

Question 3

Individual model of disability

Answer 3

Disability viewed as tragic problem for isolated, unfortunate individuals
Focus on what individual can’t do, or what’s wrong with them
The individual model incorporates medical model

Question 4

UPIAS

Answer 4

Union of the Physically Impaired Against Segregation
“not our impairments that were the main cause of our problems as disabled people, but that it was the way society responded to us as an oppressed minority”

Question 5

Impairment definition

Answer 5

Permanent loss or limitation of physical, cognitive or sensory functioning

Question 6

Disablement definition

Answer 6

Loss or limitation of opportunities to take part in everyday life of any give community on an equal basis with others, resulting from structural and social barriers which take little or no account of people with disabilities, and excludes them from mainstream of social activities

Question 7

Disability vs impairment

Answer 7

Disability results from socially imposed restriction or constraints imposed on people with impairments through discriminatory practices of society
Social model of disability about social oppression not functionality
Exclusion from a lot of sectors

Question 8

UK social model of disability

Answer 8

Disability seen as oppression either institutional or societal or both
We live in a disabling society
Society disables (through barriers; attitudinal or structural) those who have impairments
Addresses structural inequalities originating from disabling attitudes. Development of organisational policy, social regulation and structural change, profoundly political

Question 9

Medicine as part of the problem

Answer 9

For some disabled people health care workers part of problem
Health assessments often emphasise individual deficit in attempt to ensure disabled people receive resources and services they need

Question 10

Biopsychosocial model

Answer 10

Views disability as arising from combination of factors at physical, emotional and environmental levels
Consistent with WHO’s revised definitions of disability
Recognises impairments often due to illness or injury and does not dismiss importance of impact of biological, emotional and environmental issues on health, well-being, and function in society

Question 11

In what ways are people with visual impairments disabled when they attend treatment?

Answer 11

Information inaccessible
Physical environment
Transport - inaccessible
Reinforce information
Losing teeth - dentures

Question 12

Sight reader

Answer 12

Times New Roman or Ariel
Size 14 font
Grey shade in background

Question 13

In what ways are people with hearing impairments disabled when they attend treatment?

Answer 13

Speech
Mask in way
Contact over phone issue

Question 14

In what ways are people with visible physical impairments disabled when they attend for treatment?

Answer 14

Physical access and transport
Design of room may not have enough space for wheelchairs
Stairs

Question 15

In what ways are people with cognitive impairments disabled when they attend for treatment?

Answer 15

Communication
-onus is on you
-instructions and consent
Resistance to treatment
-previous treatment history
Anxiety
Comply with instructions
Systemic issues with mouth
Memory - consent at every treatment and OH
Avoiding going to appointments
Self-care
Medication

Question 16

Mental Capacity Act

Answer 16

fully enacted Nov 2007
Medical professionals should take all practical steps to include people in choices and decisions concerning their own health

Question 17

Human Rights Act

Answer 17

1998
In force 2004
Need to respect dignity and rights of all individuals

Question 18

Equality Act

Answer 18

Oct 2010
Supersedes DDA
Cannot discriminate against against individual because of particular characteristic

Question 19

Four reasons given why person may be unable to make decision

Answer 19

1) Person must be able to comprehend relevant info
2) Person must be able to retain this info
3) Person must be able to use and weigh it to arrive at choice
4) Unable to make decision where he cannot communicate it in any way

Question 20

Fluctuating capacity

Answer 20

Progressive or acquired impairments

• take into consideration past as well as present wishes
• consideration of written statements whilst capacity was present
• consideration of values and beliefs e.g. religious, cultural, lifestyle choices, family bonds

Question 21

Recommendations

Answer 21

Talk to person
Include them in choices and decisions about their care
Find out how each individual communicates
Use non-medical language to explain
Do not Assume they cannot understand
K.I.S.S (keep it simple stupid)

Question 22

Consent

Answer 22

Start with assumption that individual has capacity

Assume that you may need to gain consent at each meeting