Models of Communication Flashcards
- A model of communication that was first proposed by aristotle.
- First develop among the Greeks.
- Simple and basic model of communication
Aristotelian Model of Communication
the source of the information, the source of the message, where
the message is coming from in Aristotelian model
Speaker
The message that the speaker that he/she intends to deliver to an audience in Aristotelian model
Speech
This element will only
serve as listeners in Aristotelian model.
Audience
It means that you must hold a strong influence over your audience, you need
to captivate your audience also you need to hold keep their attention.
The Golden Rule for public speaking, lectures, and seminars
Propose by Wilbur Schramm
- People interact in constant cyclical fashion
- it means it goes round and round like a wheel
- Captures the notions of process and interaction.
Schramm’s Model
- Using our voice or we are using our oral facilities to deliver the words that
we are saying. - Mostly relayed through speech or with the use of voice
Verbal Communication
What are the 7 aspects of voice usage?
- volume
- pitch
- rate
- quality
- pauses
- emphasis
- variety
an effective voice is…
- Audible
- Pleasant
- Fluent
- Flexible
refers how loud or how soft we are projecting our messages
Volume
refers how high or how low your voice is projected.
Pitch
Refers to how fast or how slow we are delivering our message
Rate
Considering the quality of the voice that we are projecting is it good enough or is it audible to our listener.
Quality
A shorts stops, they are utilized in order for us to breathe properly
Pauses
Highlighting certain words or specific words in your sentence
Emphasis
A matter of course of knowing when to change it up.
Variety
When engaging in verbal communication, what factors do you need to consider?
- Appropriateness
- Brevity
- Clarity
- Ethics
- Vividness
- Pronunciation
- Articulation
- Dialects
- refers to an interaction where behavior is used to convey and represent
meaning
Non-Verbal Communication
According to them transfer of meaningful information from one person to
another by means other than written or spoken language.
Non-Verbal Communication
3 categories of non-verbal communication
- sign language
- action language
- object language
Includes all codes in which numbers, words, and punctuation signs have been
replaced by gestures
Sign language
All movements that are not used exclusively as signals (i.e. walking and
drinking)
Action language
All intentional and non - intentional display of material things
Object language
Other types of non-verbal communication
- Kinesics
- Haptics
- Proxemics
- Chronemics
- Vocalics
- Refers to the study of communication through touch.
Haptics
Refers to the study of how space and distance influence communication.
Proxemics
Refers to the study of how time affects communication.
Chronemics
Refers to the vocalize but not verbal aspects of non verbal communication
(paralanguage) and how we manipulate and utilize pitch and volume in using
the language
Vocalics
Examples of non-verbal communication
- Stares
- Smiles
- Standing & sitting
- Walking
- Physical appearance
- Movements & gestures
- Personality
What must a person do to be considered an effective communicator?
a person needs to boost
his/her verbal expression with non - verbal ones
What was Harold Lasswell mainly concerned with?
Mass Communication and Propaganda
a process in which a person or a group of people or an organization sends a message through a channel of communication (including TV broadcast, radio, social networks and print) to a large group of anonymous and heterogeneous people
Mass Communication
Examples of mass communication
- advertising
- journalism
- politics
refers to information spread in order to gain support for a political leader, party, etc.
Propaganda
What are the 5 WS that Lasswell claimed to be a convenient way to describe an act of communication?
- Who?
- Says what?
- In which channel?
- To whom?
- With what effect?
Refers to research area Control Analysis
Who
Refers to Content Analysis
Says what
Refers to Media Analysis
In which channel
Refers to Audience Analysis
To whom
Refers to Effect Analysis
With what effect
What model of communication has the following advantages?:
- Useful, easy, and simple
- Suits for almost all types of communication
- The concept of effect. The model supposes that messages always have effects
Lasswell’s model
What model of communication has the following disadvantages?:
- Linear and unidirectional (one way flow of communication)
- No mention of the element of feedback
- Audience is passive, model assumes that the intention of the communication is to influence
- Exaggerates and puts much emphasis on the effects of mass communication
Lasswell’s Model
- American mathematician, electronic engineer and cryptographer
- known as “the father of information theory”
Claude Shannon (April 30, 1916 - February 24, 2001)
- American scientist, mathematician and science administrator
- widely recognized as one of the pioneers of machine translation
Warren Weaver
The name of the journal that Shannon and Weaver wrote an article for
Bell System Technical Journal
- “mother of all models”
- more technological than other linear models
Shannon-Weaver Model
concepts in Shannon-Weaver model
- Sender (Information Source)
- Encoder (Transmitter)
- Channel
- Decoder (Receiver)
- Noise
person who makes the message, chooses the channel, and sends the message (Shannon-Weaver model)
Sender (Info Source)
sender who uses machine, which convert message into signals or binary data, it might also directly refer to the machine (Shannon-Weaver model)
Encoder (Transmitter)
medium used to send the message (Shannon-Weaver model)
Channel
- person who gets the message or the place where the message must reach
- provides feedback according to the message
- (Shannon-Weaver model)
Decodet (Receiver)
physical disturbance which does not let the message get to the receiver as what is sent
Noise
Communication Problems (Shannon-Weaver model)
- Technical Problem
- Semantic Problem
- Effectiveness Problem
how a channel causes problem (Shannon-Weaver model)
Technical Problem
meaning of message sent and received very different (Shannon-Weaver model)
Semantic Problem
how effectively does the message cause reaction (Shannon-Weaver model)
Effectiveness Problem
What model has the following advantages?
- Concepts of noise help making the communication effective
- Takes communication as a two way process
- Communication is taken as quantifiable
Shannon-Weaver Model
Communication is a two way process where both sender and receiver take turns to send and receive a message
Schramm’s Model by Wilbur Schramm
