Models

Question 1

Models in science

Answer 1

Statistical models = A mathematical relationship between variables that hold under specific assumptions

Model = a simplified representation of a thing

Theoretical models = a description of the relationship between different mental processes that makes assumptions about the nature of these processes

Question 2

Cognitive box and arrow models

Answer 2

Broadbent (1958)

Input > Sensory buffer store > Selective filter > Higher level processing > Working memory

Manipulating the input and observing the output can provide us a glimpse to the machination of the mind and allow us to test models

Question 3

Characteristics of models

Answer 3

• Simplification and abstraction
• Prediction and/or explanation

Question 4

Simplification and abstraction

Answer 4

• Making something simpler
• Generating general rules and concepts

What info i critical depends on what you are trying to convey in the model

Question 5

Prediction and explanation

Answer 5

Models must produce some predications which can be directional or numerical

Explanation without prediction :
Model us able to predict group differences but not individual cases

Prediction without explanation :
Models can predict whether an induvial will develop Alzheimer’s

Question 6

Informal and formal models

Answer 6

Informal cognitive models

• A verbal description of the relationship between different cognitive procedure
• Assumptions are implicit
• Often provides directional predictions

Formal Computational models

• Mathematical description of the relationship between different cognitive procedure
• Assumptions are explicit
• Often provides numerical predictions

Question 7

Why formal models

Answer 7

1) More accurate predictions
2) Counter-intuitive predictions
3) Benefits of explicit assumptions

Question 8

Cons of formal models

Answer 8

• Require substantial expertise
• Transparency
• Comparison
• Prediction
• Progress
• Theory