Models 1 and Models 2 Flashcards
Science religion scholarship is a discussion that has been going on for centuries, but has just recently come to light. True or false?
False, science religion scholarship is a young academic discipline.
What are John Haught’s 4 categories?
- Conflict.
- Contrast.
- Contact.
- Confirmation.
What does Haught’s Conflict category say?
You can’t be both religious and scientific. Scientific skeptics say that religion is an oppressor while science is the saviour, and believe that the Bible is full of contradictions. Biblical literalists believe that the words in the Bible are literally true, and are defenders of “True” science.
What is the problem with literalists?
Separate into simple dichotomies, use ad hominem arguments.
What does Haught’s Contrast category say?
There is no conflict between science and religion because they are different. It is like comparing apples to oranges. Completely compartmentalized.
In Haught’s Contrast category, science is conflated with both ___ and ___ belief.
Religious, secular.
What is Progressive Creation?
A theory that uses science to gain respectability for religion.
What is Day-Age Theory also known as?
Progressive Creation.
Why is using science to back up your religion problematic?
New discoveries can undermine your religion.
In Haught’s Contrast model, science answers the ___ questions of nature, while religion answers the ___ questions of belief.
How, why.
What is the main problem in science religion scholarship?
Conflation.
What is the first step in science religion scholarship?
Contrast.
What does Haught’s Contact category say?
It is a cautious move towards a more integrated picture of reality and a dialogue between science and religion.
Science broadens while religion deepens. Which one of Haught’s categories would this fit into?
Contact.
Theology should account for the best science out there today. Which one of Haught’s categories would this fit into?
Contact.
What does Haught’s Confirmation category say?
There is a intimate, reciprocal relationship between science and religion.
Which one of Haught’s categories would allow the metaphysics-physics principle to move backwards?
Confirmation.
___ (one of Haught’s categories) recognizes the fiduciary character of science.
Confirmation.
What is fiduciary?
To trust, to believe.
Who is Michael Ruse?
An atheist and famed philosopher of biology.
“Conflation…simply means the collapsing of distinct items in such a way that their differences are apparently lost…[It is] science and ___ into an undifferentiated smudge…careless commingling of science with ___…a tangled muddle.” -John Haught
Belief, Belief.
What is God-of-the-Gaps?
The belief that God intervenes at different times in the origins and/or the operations of the cosmos.
If gaps in nature are real, then the gaps should ___ with scientific research.
Widen.
If gaps in nature are real,the gaps should widen with scientific research. Is this the case in our world today?
No, gaps have narrowed and closed with scientific knowledge.
The fact that gaps have narrowed and closed with scientific research shows that…
The gaps are gaps in knowledge, not gaps in nature.
“___, scientific skeptics have uncritically fused [conflated] the scientific method with scientism, a belief system that assumes, without any scientific demonstration, that science is the only appropriate way to look at things.” -John Haught
Without usually being aware of it.
“___, theologians always bring at last implicit cosmological assumptions to their talk about God, and it is only honest that they acknowledge this fact.” -John Haught
Whether they are aware of it or not.
What is theology’s hermeneutical blind spot?
Most people use science in theology. For example, they draw a spherical earth at the beginning of the semester.
“I think philosophically that one should be sensitive to what I think history shows, namely, that…evolution, akin to religion, involves making certain ___ or ___, which at some level cannot be proven empirically. I guess we all knew that, but I think that we’re all much more sensitive to these facts now.” -Michael Ruse
a priori or metaphysical assumptions.
What is retrojection?
To throw back in time.
Ninian Smart is the “Dean” of religion. Who is the “Dean” of science-religion dialogue?
Ian Barbour.
What are Ian Barbour’s 4 categories?
- Conflict.
- Independence.
- Dialogue.
- Integration.
What is characteristic of Ian Barbour’s Conflict category?
Scientific materialism and biblical literalism are at odds. Reductionism is a key word. Carl Sagan and Jacques Monod are key figures.
What is reductionism?
Everything is explainable by reduction into physical laws. Religion is nothing but energy and matter, as is love.
Who is Carl Sagan?
An astronomer who said that science = atheism.
Who is Jacques Monod?
A Nobel Prize winning molecular biologist who said that chance is blind and absolute.
What is characteristic of Ian Barbour’s independence (compartment) model?
Science and religion are completely autonomous, as science is public and religion is personal.
What did Karl Barth say?
Religion is based on the Bible only. Rejects natural revelation, says that Intelligent Design arguments are even sinful. Science has no value for religion, so it is impossible for them to conflict.
Who is Rudolph Bultmann.
Father of 20th Century Liberal Christianity who rejects divine action. Competent Biblical interpretation removes miracles.
What is characteristic of Ian Barbour’s Dialogue category?
Science and religion begin a discussion. There is an exchange of information, but does not support or change each other.
What is characteristic of Ian Barbour’s Integration category?
There is an overlapping relationship between science and religion, and science supports or changes religion.
According to Ian Barbour’s Integration category, what are the 2 types of integration?
- Natural theology.
2. Theology of nature.
What is natural theology?
Traditional, conservative Christianity throughout history.
What is theology of nature?
20th Century liberal Christianity, where God is ‘becoming,’ just like us.
What did William Paly come up with?
The Watch Maker Argument.
What does the Watch Maker Argument say?
If you find a watch in a field, it is reasonable to believe in the existence of a watchmaker. Therefore, if you see design in nature, it is reasonable to believe in the existence of a creator.
“The first major challenge in religion in an age of science is the ___ of the methods of science.” -Ian Barbour.
Success.
What did E.O. Wilson say?
God exists only in the brain.
“The naturalistic hypothesis arising from scientific knowledge holds that the powerful emotions of religious experience are entirely ___, that they evolved as part of the programmed activity of the brain favouring survival of the tribe and individual.” -Edward O. Wilson
Neurobiological.
Who coined the term “demythologization?”
Rudolph Bultmann.
What is demythologization?
A competent Biblical interpretation would remove miracles and focus on personal and existential aspects. Liberalism is really a form a deism, so it is impossible for science and religion to conflict.
What was the concept that Stephen Jay Gould came up with?
NOMA.
Who came up with NOMA?
Stephen Jay Gould.
What is NOMA?
Science and religion rub up against each other, and not all science religion contributors are religious (Gould is agnostic).
No such conflict should exist [between science & religion] because each subject has a legitimate magisterium, or domain of teaching authority— and these magisterial do not overlap (the principle that I would like to designate as ___, or ‘___’).” -Stephen Jay Gould
NOMA or ‘non-overlapping magisteria.’
What is the Strong Anthropic Principle?
Fine tuning is intentional and it points to a mind. Those who believe in Intelligent Design and God.
What is the Weak Anthropic Principle?
Fine tuning is nothing but an accident. Those who do not believe in Intelligent Design and God.
What is the Multiple Worlds Hypothesis?
Our universe is the successful attempt of many attempts in sequence over infinite time.
Who coined the term “irreducibly complexity?”
Michael Behe.
Michael Behe came up with what idea?
“Irreducibly complexity.”
What is irreducibly complexity?
The idea that the first cell arose in one fell swoop, where the one fell swooper would be God.
“Theology of Nature holds that some traditional doctrines need to be ___ in the light of current science.” -Ian Barbour
Reformulated.
What is panentheism (don’t confuse with pantheism).
The belief that the World and God are inseparable realities, yet distinct realities.
In panentheism, God is termed a ___ God, because the traditional creator-creation demarcation is challenged.
Dipolar.
