MODEL OF HEALTH AND ILLNESS Flashcards
MODEL OF HEALTH AND ILLNESS
- Role performance
- Adaptive model
- Eudemonistic model
- Clinical model (Dunn, 1961)
- Agent-host- environment model
- Health belief model
- Health- illness continuum model
MODEL OF HEALTH AND ILLNESS
- Role performance
- Adaptive model
- Eudemonistic model
- Clinical model (Dunn, 1961)
- Agent-host- environment model
- Health belief model
- Health- illness continuum model
- people who can fulfill their roles are healthy even if they appear clinically ill.
- This model states that sickness is the inability to perform one’s work.
- A problem with this model is the assumption that a
person’s most important role is the work role.
Example: a man who works all day at his job as expected is healthy even though an x-ray film of his lung indicates a tumor
role performance model
The focus of the adaptive model is adaptation.
Adaptive Model
- health is creative process; disease is a failure in adaptation or maladaptation.
- The aim of treatment is to restore the ability of the person to adapt, that is, to cope.
- The focus of this model is stability, although there is also an element of growth and change.
adaptive model
a comprehensive view of health.
Eudemonistic Model
Health is seen as a condition of actualization, or realization of a person’s potential
Eudemonistic model
is the apex of the fully developed personality, described by Abraham Maslow. (highest aspiration)
Actualization (Eudemonistic model)
- The narrowest interpretation of health; viewed as the absence of signs and symptoms of disease or injury.
- To laypeople, it is considered the state of not being “sick”.
clinical model (Dunn, 1961)
•The health axis extends from peak wellness to death,
and the environmental axis extends from very favorable to very unfavorable.
•The intersection of the two axes forms four quadrants of health and wellness.
Dunn’s high level wellness grid
An integrated method of functioning that is oriented towards maximizing one’s potentialities within the limitations of his environment. This connotes ability to perform ADL or to function independently.
upper right
High level wellness (HLW)
Precursor of Illness
1. Heredity
2. Behavioral factors
3. Environmental factors
Family history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cancer
heredity
cigarette smoking, alcohol, abuse, high animal fat intake
behavioral factors
overcrowding, poor sanitation, poor supply of portable water
environmental factors
• Is an unfavorable environment.
• An example is a woman who has the knowledge to implement healthy lifestyle practices but does not implement adequate self-care practices because of family responsibilities, job demands, or other factors.
Lower Right
Emergent high-level wellness
An example is an ill person (e.g. one with multiple fractures or hypertension) whose needs are met by health care system and who has access to appropriate medications, diet, and health care instruction
UL
Protected poor health in a favorable environment.
An example is a young child who is starving in a drought-stricken country.
Poor health in an unfavorable environment
✓ This model is used primarily in describing causes if illness rather than in promoting wellness.
✓ It helps in identifying risk factors that result from interaction of agent-host- environment.
✓ According to the model the health and illness, Health is seen when all three elements are in balance and Illness is seen when one, two, or all three elements are not in balance
TRIANGLE
AGENT-HOST-ENVIRONMENT MODEL
any factor of stressor that can lead to illness or disease
agent
person who may not be affected by a disease
host
any factor or external of the host that may or may not predispose the person to a certain disease
environment
