Modals of obligation Flashcards
[Formulate with a modal verb]
In India, always use your right hand for eating and greeting.
In India, you should always use your right hand for eating and greeting.
or: You might want to use.. (= стóит использовать) / You ought to use… / You have to use /
[Formulate with a modal verb with the meaning of it is strongly recommended not to do it]
Never point your feet at people or religious icons.
You mustn’t point your feet at people or religious icons.
(May sound too strong).
or: You really shouldn’t point your feet … (Especially if someone’s already done that) /
You should never point your feet… /
You might want to avoid pointing… (= следует избегать)
[Formulate with a modal verb with the meaning of it is not necessary to do it]
Don’t worry about learning Hindi, as many people understand English.
You don’t (really) have to learn Hindi, as many people understand English. /
You don’t need to…
[Formulate with a modal verb]
Dress modestly (скромно), especially in religious places.
You might want to dress modestly, .. (= otherwise you might get into trouble) /
or:
You should dress modestly…
[Formulate with a modal verb]
It’s customary to tip around 15-20% at restaurants as service charges aren’t usually included.
You should always tip around 15-20% at restaurants as service charges aren’t usually included.
or: You might want to tip around…
You have to tip around…
[Formulate with a modal verb]
There’s no need to dress up too formally for most occasions; smart casual is generally acceptable.
You don’t have to dress up too formally for most occasions; smart casual is generally acceptable. /
You don’t need to…
[Formulate with a modal verb]
Littering can get you fined, so always look for a rubbish bin.
You should never litter, as it can get you fined.
or:
You might want to avoid littering… (= следует избегать)
[Formulate with a modal verb]
Tipping isn’t as common in Australia; doing it is appreciated but not expected.
(isn’t as common = не очень распространено; appreciated /əˈpriːʃieɪtɪd/ = ценится)
You don’t (really) have to tip in Australia; doing it is appreciated but not expected. /
You don’t need to…
[Formulate with a modal verb with the meaning of вам следует and постарайтесь]
It’s customary to say “please” and “thank you” frequently, even for small services.
You might want to say “please” and “thank you” frequently, even for small services. (= стоит говорить)
or:
You should try to say…
[Formulate with a modal verb]
Service charges are often included in your bill at restaurants, so a small tip is sufficient (= достаточно).
Service charges are often included in your bill at restaurants, so you don’t have to give a big tip.
[Formulate with a modal verb with the meaning of вам (не) следует and постарайтесь (не)]
It’s considered bad luck to open an umbrella indoors.
You shouldn’t open an umbrella indoors, as it’s considered bad luck.
or: You might want to avoid opening an umbrella indoors, as it’s considered bad luck.
or: You should try to avoid opening…
[Formulate with a modal verb]
Barbecues (or ‘barbies’) are a popular social event. If you’re invited, it’s polite to bring something, like drinks or a side dish.
If you’re invited, you should bring something, like drinks or a side dish.
or: If you’re invited, you might want to bring something, like drinks or a side dish. (= it won’t be polite if you don’t) /
you ought to bring
[Formulate with a modal verb]
Beaches are a huge part of Australian culture. Always swim between the red and yellow flags for safety.
Beaches are a huge part of Australian culture. You should always swim between the red and yellow flags for safety. /
You need to always swim… /
You have to always swim…
[Formulate with a modal verb]
If you get a taxi, sit in the front - sitting in the back is often considered rude.
If you get a taxi, you might want to sit in the front. /
… you might want to avoid sitting in the back.
[Formulate with a modal verb with the meaning of вам следует and постарайтесь]
When you’re in a pub, it’s common to buy rounds of drinks. If someone buys you a drink, you’re expected to return the favor.
(it’s common = people often do that;
return the favor = отплатить тем же)
When you’re in a pub, it’s common to buy rounds of drinks. If someone buys you a drink, you should try to return the favor. /
you might want to return the favor.
All right, you _ _ _ _ explain. You’ve made it clear, through focus groups, that you find videotape too much hassle (слишком хлопотно) to watch.
(= it’s perfectly fine if you don’t explain it, it is unnecessary for you to explain; use really)
All right, you don’t really have to explain. You’ve made it clear, through focus groups, that you find videotape too much hassle to watch.
You _ _ _ _ worry about what-ifs.
(вовсе не стоит волноваться о том, что было бы, если бы…
- use really; )
You don’t really have to worry about what-ifs.
“You _ _ _ _ compete with men,” she wrote. “That’s where so many women go wrong. You will never be as good at being a man as they are, but they will never be as good at being a woman as you are.”
(= уж точно не нужно; use really)
“You really don’t have to compete with men,” she wrote. “That’s where so many women go wrong. You will never be as good at being a man as they are, but they will never be as good at being a woman as you are.”
“It (Windows 10) comes out at midnight but you _ _’_ _ _ stay up. “Unlike during the launch of its Windows 7 operating system, back in 2009, Microsoft isn’t encouraging fans to host launch parties.
(= we recommend that you don’t do it; use really)
“It (Windows 10) comes out at midnight but you really don’t have to stay up. “Unlike during the launch of its Windows 7 operating system, back in 2009, Microsoft isn’t encouraging fans to host launch parties.
