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E & I 2 > Modality Basics > Flashcards

Modality Basics Flashcards

1
Q

Hydrotherapy Indications

A 
Superficial cooling or heating
Wound care (not in the whirl pool)
Water exercise
Pain control
Edema control
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2
Q

Hydrotherapy Contraindications

A

Local:
Maceration around the wound; bleeding
Full body:
Cardiac instability, infectious conditions that may be spread by water, bowel/bladder incontinence, severe epilepsy, suicidal thoughts/tendencies

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3
Q

What temperature of hydrotherapy reduces inflammation?

A

Cold

32-79 deg F

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4
Q

What temperature is medium for exercise?

Hydrotherapy

A

Tepid water

79-92 deg F

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5
Q

What is neutral warmth (92-96 deg F) used for?

Hydrotherapy

A

Control tone for neurologically based hypertonicity

Circulatory, sensory, cardiac disorders

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6
Q

What is the purpose for the application of mild warmth (96-98 deg F) hydrotherapy?

A

Burns after epithelialization has begun

Promotes mobility, relaxation

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7
Q

What is the purpose of hot (99-104 deg F) hydrotherapy?

A

Pain control
Increase soft tissue extensibility
Large areas of immersion

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8
Q

What is the purpose of applying very hot (104-110) hydrotherapy?

A

Pain control
Increase soft tissue extensibility
Limited body area
OA/RA Nona cute stage

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9
Q

Documentation of Hydrotherapy

A

Type: (thermal, cryotherapy, whirlpool, bath)
Patient position and types of movement
Water temperature
Duration
Patient response
Fluid pressure or additives if applicable

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10
Q

What are the different types of superficial heat?

A 
Hot packs
Paraffin- wax bath
Contrast bath
Fluidotherapy
Infrared lamps
Whirlpool
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11
Q

What are the indications for using superficial heat?

A 
Promotes soft tissue healing
Promotes general relaxation
Decrease joint stiffness
Pain- decrease/ control
May help to reduce the effects of skin conditions
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12
Q

What is the optimum dosage/ therapeutic range of superficial heat?

A

Tissue should be heated to 104-113 deg F

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13
Q

What are the methods of paraffin application?

A

Continuous immersion/ dip immersion
Dip immersion w/ wrapping
Paining/ brushing with wrapping

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14
Q

What are the contraindications of therapy?

A 
Area of recent or potential hemorrhage
Impaired sensation/ mentation
Over malignant area/ tumor
Thrombophlebitis 
Over abdominal, pelvic and low back areas of a pregnant woman
Infrared - irradiation of the eyes
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15
Q

Thermotherapy Documentation

A 
Area treated
Heating agent type
Treatment parameters (temp, power, insulation, distance)
Patient positioning
Response to intervention
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16
Q

Types of cryotherapy

A 
Ice pack, cup
Gel, chemical packs
Cryopressure units
Vapocoolant sprays
Cryohydrotherapy
Cooling suirs
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17
Q

What are the indications for cryotherapy?

A 
Abnormal tone
Acute or chronic pain
Acute or subacute inflammation 
Bursitis
Muscle spasm
Musculoskeletal trauma
Myofascial trigger points
Tendonitis
Tenosynovitis
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18
Q

What are the contraindications of cryotherapy

A 
Cold allergy/hypersensitivity (cold urticaria)
Cold intolerance
Raynaud's disease
Cryoglobulinemia
Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria 
Over regenerating peripheral nerves
Over areas of circulatory compromise
Inability to discriminate cold
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19
Q

Cryotherapy Documentation

A 
Area treated
Cooling agent
Treatment duration
Patient positioning 
Response to intervention
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20
Q

What are the indications for ultrasound?

A 
Soft tissue shortening
Pain control
Repair of soft tissue injuries
Dermal ulcers/ plantar warts
Tendon injuries
Resorption of calcium deposits
Bone fracture
Carpal runner syndrome
Anti-inflammatory

INCREASE EXTENSIBILITY OF COLLAGEN FIBERS (TENDONS, JOINT CAPSULES)

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21
Q

What are the effects of continuous ultrasound?

A

Thermal effects
Increasing tissue temperature

REDUCTION OF MUSCLE SPASM, PAIN MODULATION, INCREASED BLOOD FLOW, INCREASED METABOLIC RATE, INCREASED NERVE CONDUCTION VELOCITY

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22
Q

What are the effects of pulsed ultrasound?

A

Non-thermal effects
Acoustic streaming
Micro-streaming
Cavitation

INCREASE PROTEIN SYNTHESIS AND TISSUE REPAIR, INCREASE BLOOD FLOW AND BONE HEALING AND REPAIR OF NON UNION FRACTURES

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23
Q

Which ultrasound frequency penetrates tissue deeper?

A

1.0 MHz (2-5cm)

Vs 3.0 MHz (1-2 cm)

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24
Q

What are the two different modes of ultrasound delivery?

A

Continuous (thermal) and pulsed (non-thermal)

25
How do you chose a ultrasound duty cycle?
``` Thermal = 100% Non-Thermal = 20 % ```
26
What is the duration of ultrasound?
5-10 minutes
27
What are the parameters of phonophoresis?
Frequency- 3MHz Pulse 20% duty cycle 0.5-0.75 W/cm2 intensity 5-10 minutes
28
What are ultrasound contraindications?
``` Malignancy Pelvis, abdomens and low back of pregnant woman CNS issue Joint cement Plastic components Pacemaker Thrombophlebitis Eyes and reproductive organs OPEN EPIPHYSEAL PLATES ```
29
Ultrasound documentation
``` Area treated Ultrasound frequency Ultrasound intensity Ultrasound duty cycle Treatment duration If underwater Response to intervention ```
30
What is the intensity range for therapeutic ultrasound?
0.1-3 W/cm2
31
When would you use higher intensities and when would you use lower intensities for ultrasound?
Higher intensities= continuous= chronic conditions and thick tissues Lowe intensities= pulsed= acute conditions and thin tissue
32
What is the pulse duration of most TENS units?
50-400 microseconds
33
What is the pulse frequency of most TENS units?
1-200 Hz | Which is the pulse rate...
34
What are the effects of pulse frequency?
Muscle contraction: Twitch 1-10 Hz; Tetanic 20-50 Hz Analgesic: Enkephalins 40-150 Hz; Serotonin 15-100 Hz; Beta endorphins 2-5 Hz
35
What is the intensity in most TENS units?
0-120 mA | Higher intensity the greater the penetration depth and greater number of fibers stimulated
36
What are the 3 levels of responses to TENS?
Sensory- low amplitude Motor- increased amplitude and duration Noxious- more intense with long duration
37
What are the electrical pulses of conventional TENS?
Short pulse duration (<150 microseconds) High frequency (>80 Hz) Current amplitude is sensory ACUTE
38
What are the electrical pulses of Acupuncture-like TENS?
Long pulse duration (>150 microseconds) Low frequency (<10 Hz) Sensory and motor current amplitudes CHRONIC
39
What are the electrical pulses of Brief-Intense TENS?
``` Long duration (>150 microseconds) High frequency (>80 Hz) Sensory- motor- noxious current amplitude ```
40
What are the electrical pulses of burst TENS?
Bursts of pulses instead of individual pulses Low frequency (<10Hz) Sensory- motor current amplitudes
41
What are contraindications for TENS?
Over pelvis, abdomen, trunk, and low back area during pregnancy Over carotid sinus Demand pacemaker or unstable arrhythmia Venous/ arterial thrombosis or thrombophlebitis
42
What are some other contraindications of TENS?
``` Malignant tumor Epileptic patients Over metal implants, eyes or testicles Mucosal membranes Undiagnosed pain Implanted defibrillators Thoracic and cranial areas ```
43
TENS documentation
``` Area treated Patient positioning Parameters (frequency, duration, amplitude) Electrode placement Duration Response to intervention ```
44
What are the parameters of laser?
Wavelength (visible light 600-700nm, infrared light >700-1100 nm) Power Energy density Light sources
45
When would an LED laser be used?
``` Most diffuse light Widest frequency range Low power individually BEST SUITED FOR TREATING LARGE, SUPERFICIAL AREAS Power- 1-5mW can be 30-40mW ```
46
When would SLD laser be used?
``` Less diffuse light Narrower wavelength Emit more power than LEDs BEST SUITED FOR SUPERFICIAL, MODERATELY DEEP AREAS BASED ON WAVELENGTH Power: 5-35 mW can be >90mW ```
47
When would Laser Diodes be used?
``` Provide single wavelength Very concentrated Best suited to treat small areas DELIVERS THE MOST DEEPEST LIGHT TO A SINGLE AREA OF TISSUE 5-500mW (power) ```
48
What are the clinical indications for lasers?
``` Soft tissue and bone healing Arthritis Lymphedema Neurological conditions Pain management ```
49
What are contraindications of laser?
``` Malignancy Direct irradiation of the eyes Within 4-6 month after radiotherapy Hemorrhaging regions Over the enterprise glands PRECAUTIONS: pregnant women and growth plates ```
50
Can laser be used for acute conditions?
Yes It's non-thermal Can also be used for metal implants and pacemakers
51
Laser Documentation
``` Type of diode Wavelength (on machine) Power (on machine) Area of body treated Energy density (on machine) Position of patient Response to intervention ```
52
What are the two types of shortwave diathermy and what are they used for?
Continuous- heating deep tissues Pulsed- thermal physiological effects: increased microvascular perfusion, altered cell membrane function and cellular activity
53
What are indications for short wave diathermy?
``` Heating joint capsule before stretching/ mobs Enhancement of soft tissue healing Musculoskeletal disorders (pain, muscle guarding, joint stiffness) Uneven or irregular treatment areas Bursitis degenerative joint disease Decreased collagen extensibility Peripheral nerve regeneration ```
54
What are the types of diathermy applicators in the United States?
Inductive coils, drum, garments | Capacitive plates
55
Where is the heat produced during diathermy?
Capacitive plates: produce more heat in the skin and superficial tissue Inductive applicators: produce more heat in deeper structures
56
What is the duration of diathermy treatment?
Thermal- 15-20 minutes | Non-Therma 30-60 minutes
57
What are the doses for CSWD?
Dose 1- no sensation of heat Dose 2- mild heating sensation Dose 3- moderate (comfortable heating sensation) Dose 4- vigorous heating that iss tolerable below the pain threshold
58
What are contraindications for diathermy?
Recent or potential hemorrhage Thrombophlebitis Impaired sensation/ mentation Malignant tumor Implanted or transcutaneous stimulators (pacemaker) Pregnancy (pelvis, abdomen, low back) CSWD- malignancy, eyes, testes, growth plates PSWD- directly over deep tissue organs, closed loop plates and screws
59
Diathermy Documentation
``` Area treated Frequency range Average power or power setting Pulse rate Treatment duration Type of applicator Patient position and distance from applicator Response to intervention ```

E & I 2 (5 decks)

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