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E & I 2 > Low Level Laser Therapy > Flashcards

Low Level Laser Therapy Flashcards

1
Q

What is included in the visible light spectrum?

A

Violet to red colors

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2
Q

What is the infrared spectrum?

A

Visible light adjacent

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3
Q

What are the differences between lasers and light?

A

Laser produces intense beams of light at specific wavelengths
Laser light is invisible light edgy in the visible red and near infrared band of the electromagnetic spectrum

Light can stimulate or inhibit function based on intensity and time applied

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4
Q

What are the effects of lasers and light?

A

Promote ATP production by mitochondria
Promote collagen production by fibroblasts
Modulate inflammation (possibly reduce)
Inhibit bacterial growth

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5
Q

Why should laser be used?

A

Laser is non-thermal
Affects cellular function using a non-thermal, non-destructive source of light energy

Invigorates cellular healing especially of the mitochondira

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6
Q

What are the clinical indications for lasers and light?

A 
Soft tissue and bone healing
Arthritis
Lymphedema
Neurological conditions
Pain management
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7
Q

What are the contraindications for laser and light?

A

Malignancy
Direct irradiation of the eyes
Within 4-6 month after radiotherapy (increases tissue susceptibility to malignancy and burns)
Hemorrhaging regions (may causes vasodilation and increase bleeding)
Over the endocrine glands

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8
Q

What are the precautions of laser and light?

A 
Low back or abdomens during pregnancy
Epiphyseal plates in children
Impaired sensation
Impaired mental ion
Photophobia/ light sensitivity
Pretreatment with photosensitizer (acne meds)
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9
Q

What are adverse effects of laser?

A

Exposure of eyes to laser can cause retinal damage

Transient tingling, mild erythema, rash, burning sensation, increased pain/numbness, burns from warm diode, fatigue, not over tattoos

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10
Q

How do you apply laser to a patient?

A 
Evaluate the patient 
Determine appropriateness and safety 
Select applicator
Select energy density for TX
Patient and therapist should wear googles
Turn on machine
Hold applicator in position
May repeat to adjacent areas
Document
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11
Q

How do you properly document laser therapy?

A 
Type of diode (laser, LED, SLD)
Wavelength
Power
Area of the body treated
Energy density 
Position of patient during treatment
Response to intervention
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12
Q

What are laser and light parameters?

A

WAVELENGTH
Visible light ~600-700 no
Infrared light >700-1100 no

Power- rate of energy flow
Light sources= different types of diodes
Energy density- mW/cm2

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13
Q

What are the different types of light sources for lasers?

A

Glass tubes

  • fluorescent lights
  • true laser

Photo Diodees

  • LED
  • SLD
  • laser diodes
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14
Q

What are LEDs?

A 
Light emitting diodes
Produce low intensity light
Is not coherent or monochromatic 
Spreads widely
Increases application time required
Allows for light to hit a larger area

Most diffuse light
Widest frequency range
Low power individually
Best suited for treating large superficial areas

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15
Q

What are SLDs?

A

Supraluminous diodes
Produce high intensity
Almost monochromatic light, not coherent
Spreads minimally
Requires shorter application times than LEDs
Delivers energy to wider area than laser diodes

Less diffuse light
Narrower wavelength
Emit more poetry than LEDs
Superficial and moderately deep areas

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16
Q

What are laser diodes?

A

Produce monochromatic, coherent and directional light deliver energy to small specific area

Provide single wavelength light
Very concentrated
Small areas
Deepest light to a single area of tissue

17
Q

Can you combine light sources?

A

Yes
Light sources can be used (red or blue) to signify the laser is on and what direction it is pointing in

Can combine for different therapeutic effects as well

18
Q

What are the powers of laser diodes, SLD and LED?

A

Laser diodes- 5mW to 500mW
SLD- 5-35mW can be >90mW
LED- 1-5 mW can be 30-40mW

(Sum of all the diodes)

19
Q

What is the preferred clinical measure of energy density?

A

2-30J/cm2

20
Q

What is the association between the power and the treatment time?

A

The higher the power of the applicator, the short the treatment time

21
Q

What type of energy dose is used for acute and superficial conditions?

A

Lower energy doses

Stimulatory

22
Q

What type of energy density is used for chronic and deeper conditions?

A

Higher energy douses

But very high energy may be damaging

23
Q

What is the theory of photobiomodulation?

A

Photochemical interactions between photos on and healthy cells within and surrounding the soft tissue pathology changes structure or function non-thermally
Light unlined nitric oxide, releases APT, improves cell function

Possible theory for effects of LLT

24
Q

What are chromosphores?

A

The light absorbing part of molecule that gives it color

25
Q

Why do I care about chromphores?

A

Light stimulates chromophores in mitochondira (called mitochondrial cytochromes) which triggers the process of photobiomodulation and increases the oxidative metabolism of mitochondria

26
Q

What are some important implications of laser?

A

Laser is non-thermal so it is safe to use for acute conditions
Can be used for patients with metal implants and pacemakers

27
Q

Can laser be used with other modalities?

A

Ice- before laser

Massage, US, E-stim- after laser

Sequence is important
May be unnecessary with phototherapy

28
Q

What does LASER stand for?

A

Light amplification by stimulated emission radiation

29
Q

What is important to know about monochromatic?

A

1 frequency only

30
Q

What is important to know about collimated/ directional?

A

Non-divergent

31
Q

What is important to know about coherent?

A

All waves in sync

32
Q

How can wavelength affect tissue healing?

A

Long wavelengths have deeper penetration

Short wavelengths have shorter penetration, better absorption and more scattering

33
Q

When is the intensity of energy reaching the body greatest?

A

The energy output is high
Radiation source is close to the client
The beam is perpendicular to the skin surface

34
Q

What is the therapeutic advantage of monochromatic light?

A

Absorption targeted to specific, wavelength dependent photoacceptor molecules, called chromophores, buried within soft tissue

35
Q

What are lasers used for?

A

Promote tissue healing
Decrease pain and inflammation

Via NON-THERMAL mechanisms

E & I 2 (5 decks)

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