MODALITIES - HEAT AND ICE Flashcards
What is conduction? Give an example of 2 modalities that use it.
- refers to the gain or loss of heat resulting from direct contact between two materials at different temperatures. Heat is conducted to a material of high temp to lower temp
- hot pack, paraffin
What is convection? Give an example of 2 modalities that use it.
- refers to the gain or loss of heat resulting from air or water moving in a constant motion across the body
- whirlpool therapy
What is conversion? Give an example of a modality that uses it.
- refers to heating that occurs when nonthermal energy is absorbed into tissue and transformed into heat. rate of heat transfer is determined by the power of the sourve
- ultrasound
What is evaporation?
- refers to the transfer of heat that occurs as a liquid absorbs energy and changes form into a vapor
What is radiation?
- refers to the direct transfer of heat from a radiation energy source of higher temperature to one of cooler temperature. There must be a difference in temp between the radiation source and the target area
What are the 4 indications for modalities?
inflammation and repair, pain, restriction in motion, abnormal tone
What are the parameters for ice massage?
10x15 cm area for 10-15 minutes
What are the 4 sensations expected during ice massage?
intense cold, burning, aching, and analgesia
What are the parameters for cold pack?
- 20 mins
- up to 30 mins if over bandage or for spasticity
what are the indications for superficial thermotherapy?
- abnormal tone
- decreased ROM
- muscle guarding or spasm
- trigger points
- subacute or chronic pain
- inflammatory condiitons
What are the parameters for hot packs?
15-20 minutes with skin checks every 5
What are the indications for ultrasound?
- acute and post acute conditions, calcium deposits, chronic inflammation, delayed soft tissue healing, muscle spasm, contracture, burns, pain, warts, scar tissue, tissue regeneration
What is the ultrasound frequency for deeper tissues?
1 MHz (lower frequency)
What is the ultrasound frequency for superficial tissues?
3 MHz (higher frequency)
What is the duty cycle?
the portion of time that ultrasound is generated during the entire treatment
What is continuous ultrasound used for?
more effective in elevating tissue temperature
What is pulsed ultrasound used for?
nonthermal effects (usually at a 20% duty cycle or less)
What are the parameters for lumbar traction?
- 30lbs for first sessions
- 25% BW for tissue stretch
- 50% BW for separation
What is the position necessary to hit different areas of the cspine during cervical traction?
- upper cspine = 0-5
- mid cspine - 10-20
- lower cspine = 25-35
What are the force parameters for cspine traction?
- up to 10 lbs for first session
- 7-10% BW (11-15lbs) to stretch tissue
- 13-20% BW (20-30 lbs) for joint distraction
What are the time parameters for cervical spine and lumbar traction?
- 5-30 minutes
- ususally around 10 for disk herniations
When would you use static traction?
patients symptoms are slightly aggravated by movement
When would you use intermittent traction?
for joint mobilization or patients that cant tolerate static
What Estim modes do you use for pain?
TENS or IFC
What are the TENS parameters for acute pain?
pulse rate = 80
pulse duration = 150
What are the TENS parameters for chronic pain?
Pulse rate = 10
pulse duration = 150
What are the TENS parameters for chronic pain?
Pulse Rate = 10
Pulse Duration = 150
What are the NMES parameters for muscle strengthening, muscle re-education, muscle spasm, and edema?
Carrier Frequency = 5K
Pulse Rate = 35-50
Pulse Duration 150-250
