MODALITIES - HEAT AND ICE

Question 1

What is conduction? Give an example of 2 modalities that use it.

Answer 1

• refers to the gain or loss of heat resulting from direct contact between two materials at different temperatures. Heat is conducted to a material of high temp to lower temp
• hot pack, paraffin

Question 2

What is convection? Give an example of 2 modalities that use it.

Answer 2

• refers to the gain or loss of heat resulting from air or water moving in a constant motion across the body
• whirlpool therapy

Question 3

What is conversion? Give an example of a modality that uses it.

Answer 3

• refers to heating that occurs when nonthermal energy is absorbed into tissue and transformed into heat. rate of heat transfer is determined by the power of the sourve
• ultrasound

Question 4

What is evaporation?

Answer 4

• refers to the transfer of heat that occurs as a liquid absorbs energy and changes form into a vapor

Question 5

What is radiation?

Answer 5

• refers to the direct transfer of heat from a radiation energy source of higher temperature to one of cooler temperature. There must be a difference in temp between the radiation source and the target area

Question 6

What are the 4 indications for modalities?

Answer 6

inflammation and repair, pain, restriction in motion, abnormal tone

Question 7

What are the parameters for ice massage?

Answer 7

10x15 cm area for 10-15 minutes

Question 8

What are the 4 sensations expected during ice massage?

Answer 8

intense cold, burning, aching, and analgesia

Question 9

What are the parameters for cold pack?

Answer 9

• 20 mins
• up to 30 mins if over bandage or for spasticity

Question 10

what are the indications for superficial thermotherapy?

Answer 10

• abnormal tone
• decreased ROM
• muscle guarding or spasm
• trigger points
• subacute or chronic pain
• inflammatory condiitons

Question 11

What are the parameters for hot packs?

Answer 11

15-20 minutes with skin checks every 5

Question 12

What are the indications for ultrasound?

Answer 12

• acute and post acute conditions, calcium deposits, chronic inflammation, delayed soft tissue healing, muscle spasm, contracture, burns, pain, warts, scar tissue, tissue regeneration

Question 13

What is the ultrasound frequency for deeper tissues?

Answer 13

1 MHz (lower frequency)

Question 14

What is the ultrasound frequency for superficial tissues?

Answer 14

3 MHz (higher frequency)

Question 15

What is the duty cycle?

Answer 15

the portion of time that ultrasound is generated during the entire treatment

Question 16

What is continuous ultrasound used for?

Answer 16

more effective in elevating tissue temperature

Question 17

What is pulsed ultrasound used for?

Answer 17

nonthermal effects (usually at a 20% duty cycle or less)

Question 18

What are the parameters for lumbar traction?

Answer 18

• 30lbs for first sessions
• 25% BW for tissue stretch
• 50% BW for separation

Question 19

What is the position necessary to hit different areas of the cspine during cervical traction?

Answer 19

• upper cspine = 0-5
• mid cspine - 10-20
• lower cspine = 25-35

Question 20

What are the force parameters for cspine traction?

Answer 20

• up to 10 lbs for first session
• 7-10% BW (11-15lbs) to stretch tissue
• 13-20% BW (20-30 lbs) for joint distraction

Question 21

What are the time parameters for cervical spine and lumbar traction?

Answer 21

• 5-30 minutes
• ususally around 10 for disk herniations

Question 22

When would you use static traction?

Answer 22

patients symptoms are slightly aggravated by movement

Question 23

When would you use intermittent traction?

Answer 23

for joint mobilization or patients that cant tolerate static

Question 24

What Estim modes do you use for pain?

Answer 24

TENS or IFC

Question 25

What are the TENS parameters for acute pain?

Answer 25

pulse rate = 80
pulse duration = 150

Question 26

What are the TENS parameters for chronic pain?

Answer 26

Pulse rate = 10
pulse duration = 150

Question 27

What are the TENS parameters for chronic pain?

Answer 27

Pulse Rate = 10
Pulse Duration = 150

Question 28

What are the NMES parameters for muscle strengthening, muscle re-education, muscle spasm, and edema?

Answer 28

Carrier Frequency = 5K
Pulse Rate = 35-50
Pulse Duration 150-250