MOD5 Human Case Study

Question 1

Function and Structure of OVIDUCT?

Answer 1

Function: move ovum from ovary to uterus

Structure: smooth muscular contractions to create flow

Question 2

Function and Structure of MYOMETRIUM?

Answer 2

Function: super strong muscle which contracts and is hard

Structure: to push out the baby during labour

Question 3

Function and Structure of SCROTUM?

Answer 3

Function: to help bring the temp down to regulate sperm

Structure: sac to hold testies outside (external sac)

Question 4

Function and Structure of PENIS?

Answer 4

Function: move sperm into female anatomy

Structure: external erectable tube

Question 5

Somatic Cells

Answer 5

Normal cells in the body

Question 6

Misjunction

Answer 6

If chromosomes fail to seperate

Question 7

Do the ovum and sperm go through independent assortment or crossing over?

Answer 7

Yes they do

Question 8

how many pairs of ovum or sperm?

Answer 8

23 pairs

Question 9

What genotype of sex chromosomes is KLINEFELTER SYNDROME?

And what is Klinefelter syndrome?

Answer 9

XXY

A girlish-boy figure e.g narrow sholders, less facial hair

Question 10

What genotype of sex chromosomes is TURNER SYNDROME?

And what is Turner syndrome?

Answer 10

XO

A boyish-girl e.g short figure, wide shoulders and hips

Question 11

What makes the zygote a male?

Answer 11

the presence of Y

Question 12

Genotype of females

Answer 12

XX

Question 13

Genotype of males

Answer 13

XY

Question 14

What are the female undifferentiated GONADS?

Answer 14

ovaries

Question 15

What are the male undifferentiated GONADS?

Answer 15

testies

Question 16

Does the female take Mullerian ducts of Wolffian ducts?

Answer 16

Female develop Mullerian duts

Question 17

Males develop Wolffian ducts? True/False

Answer 17

True

Question 18

What are the female undifferentiated GENITALS?

Answer 18

vulva - outer part of vagina, labia and clitorus

Question 19

What are the male undifferentiated GENITALS?

Answer 19

Penis and scrotum

Question 20

What does TDF stand for and what is its function?

Answer 20

TDF = Testies Determining Factor

TDF gene produces TDF proteins which take the undifferentiated gonads to become testies

Question 21

What two hormones to testies produce?

Answer 21

Endocrine - Testosterone

Parocrine - MIH

Question 22

What does MIH stand for and function?

Answer 22

MIH = Mullerian inhibiting hormone

it inhibits the Mullerian duct from developing (female parts don’t develop)

Question 23

What does testosterone do in the male process?

Answer 23

develops Wolffian ducts

Question 24

What is DHT?

Answer 24

DHT is the product of testosterone from 5-alpha reductase

DHT developed external male genitalia

Question 25

Crossing over VS translocation

Answer 25

Translocation - between non-homologous pairs Crossing over - between homologous pairs

Question 26

male gonads and gametes

Answer 26

gonads = testies gametes = sperm cells

Question 27

female gonads and gametes

Answer 27

gonads = ovary gametes = ovum/ova

Question 28

Do the female parts have any influence on which one (Mullerian or Wolffian) degenerates or develops?

Answer 28

No. The female system is the Default. If the body isn't explicitly told to be male it will become female.

Question 29

What influence does the testies have on which duct is developed?

Answer 29

they produce two hormones (endocrine and paracrine) which developed both ducts to develop

Question 30

what is the role of testosterone?

Answer 30

presence of testosterone = presence of Wolffian ducts

Question 31

endocrine hormone function on ducts?

Answer 31

produces both ducts

Question 32

paracrine hormone function on ducts?

Answer 32

degenerates Mullerian and develops Wolffian (male)

Question 33

Product of 5-alpha reductase deficiency? And what does it tell us?

Answer 33

does not convert testosterone into DHT which causes underdeveloped genitals. This tells us that DHT is necessary to develop external male genitalia.

Question 34

What is Logan?

Answer 34

an XY with CAIS which means that they don't have the receptors to take in the testosterone produced. Has parts of both make and female genitalia but no ovaries as they don't have periods.

Question 35

Will logan's children have CAIS too?

Answer 35

No, they will probably carry but not be affected personally

Question 36

Who did Logan get their CAIS from and how?

Answer 36

Mother because it's an X linked trait and Logan's X chromosome is from their mum.

Question 37

Do Logan's siblings have CAIS?

Answer 37

If they have a sister, she will most likely be a carrier but not certain, however, she is not personally affected.

Question 38

What is the function of 5-alpha reductase?

Answer 38

5-alpha reductase is an enzyme that turns testosterone hormone into DHT which then developed external male genitalia