MOD5 Human Case Study Flashcards
Function and Structure of OVIDUCT?
Function: move ovum from ovary to uterus
Structure: smooth muscular contractions to create flow
Function and Structure of MYOMETRIUM?
Function: super strong muscle which contracts and is hard
Structure: to push out the baby during labour
Function and Structure of SCROTUM?
Function: to help bring the temp down to regulate sperm
Structure: sac to hold testies outside (external sac)
Function and Structure of PENIS?
Function: move sperm into female anatomy
Structure: external erectable tube
Somatic Cells
Normal cells in the body
Misjunction
If chromosomes fail to seperate
Do the ovum and sperm go through independent assortment or crossing over?
Yes they do
how many pairs of ovum or sperm?
23 pairs
What genotype of sex chromosomes is KLINEFELTER SYNDROME?
And what is Klinefelter syndrome?
XXY
A girlish-boy figure e.g narrow sholders, less facial hair
What genotype of sex chromosomes is TURNER SYNDROME?
And what is Turner syndrome?
XO
A boyish-girl e.g short figure, wide shoulders and hips
What makes the zygote a male?
the presence of Y
Genotype of females
XX
Genotype of males
XY
What are the female undifferentiated GONADS?
ovaries
What are the male undifferentiated GONADS?
testies
Does the female take Mullerian ducts of Wolffian ducts?
Female develop Mullerian duts
Males develop Wolffian ducts? True/False
True
What are the female undifferentiated GENITALS?
vulva - outer part of vagina, labia and clitorus
What are the male undifferentiated GENITALS?
Penis and scrotum
What does TDF stand for and what is its function?
TDF = Testies Determining Factor
TDF gene produces TDF proteins which take the undifferentiated gonads to become testies
What two hormones to testies produce?
Endocrine - Testosterone
Parocrine - MIH
What does MIH stand for and function?
MIH = Mullerian inhibiting hormone
it inhibits the Mullerian duct from developing (female parts don’t develop)
What does testosterone do in the male process?
develops Wolffian ducts
What is DHT?
DHT is the product of testosterone from 5-alpha reductase
DHT developed external male genitalia
Crossing over VS translocation
Translocation - between non-homologous pairs
Crossing over - between homologous pairs
male gonads and gametes
gonads = testies
gametes = sperm cells
female gonads and gametes
gonads = ovary
gametes = ovum/ova
Do the female parts have any influence on which one (Mullerian or Wolffian) degenerates or develops?
No. The female system is the Default.
If the body isn’t explicitly told to be male it will become female.
What influence does the testies have on which duct is developed?
they produce two hormones (endocrine and paracrine) which developed both ducts to develop
what is the role of testosterone?
presence of testosterone = presence of Wolffian ducts
endocrine hormone function on ducts?
produces both ducts
paracrine hormone function on ducts?
degenerates Mullerian and develops Wolffian (male)
Product of 5-alpha reductase deficiency? And what does it tell us?
does not convert testosterone into DHT which causes underdeveloped genitals.
This tells us that DHT is necessary to develop external male genitalia.
What is Logan?
an XY with CAIS which means that they don’t have the receptors to take in the testosterone produced. Has parts of both make and female genitalia but no ovaries as they don’t have periods.
Will logan’s children have CAIS too?
No, they will probably carry but not be affected personally
Who did Logan get their CAIS from and how?
Mother because it’s an X linked trait and Logan’s X chromosome is from their mum.
Do Logan’s siblings have CAIS?
If they have a sister, she will most likely be a carrier but not certain, however, she is not personally affected.
What is the function of 5-alpha reductase?
5-alpha reductase is an enzyme that turns testosterone hormone into DHT which then developed external male genitalia
