Mod3-Obj8: Reflexes

Question 1

Motor responses can be directed through specific neural pathways called…

Answer 1

Reflex arcs

Question 2

Reflex arcs have 5 essential components-the response produced is a reflex…

Answer 2

1. ) Receptor
2. ) Sensory neuron (To the CNS)
3. ) Integration center (interneurons)
4. ) Motor neurons (To an effector)
5. ) Effector

Question 3

Reflexes

Answer 3

Are rapid, predictable, involuntary motor responses to a stimulus (automatic, happen the same way every time, difficult to suppress)

Question 4

Somatic reflexes

Answer 4

Activate skeletal muscles

Question 5

Autonomic reflexes

Answer 5

Activate glands, cardiac and smooth muscles

Question 6

Spinal reflexes

Answer 6

Integration occurs within the spinal cord

Question 7

Cranial reflexes

Answer 7

Integration occurs within the brain

Question 8

Testing reflexes…

Answer 8

Provide a quick and easy means of diagnosing disorders of the nervous system and locating the site of injury. The reflex arc is generally predictable and thus they happen in the same way every time, without conscious awareness

Question 9

Somatic reflexes expanded

Answer 9

Produce neither delicate nor precise movements, but rapid responses that protect us from injury
-Tapping the patella tendon, activates the receptor muscle, causing the reflex arc to be acted upon, providing a protective measure to prevent over stretching or damage occurring. Damaged areas can be pinpointed due to reaction of the tap

Question 10

Autonomic reflexes expanded

Answer 10

Control body functions such as
-Heart rate
-Blood pressure
-Constriction and dilation of pupils
-Swallowing, coughing, sneezing, vomiting
-sweating
These reflexes are generally not consciously perceived

Question 11

Summary: Sensory receptors

Answer 11

Monitor the environment, detect and respond to stimuli by generating an electrical signal

Question 12

Summary: Sensory pathways

Answer 12

Multi-neuron pathways that deliver sensory input from the receptor to the brain (to the CNS where analysed)

Question 13

Summary: Cerebral cortex

Answer 13

Conscious awareness of a stimulus only occurs when sensory input reaches the cerebral cortex of the brain

Question 14

Summary: Motor areas

Answer 14

Decide and generate motor output

Question 15

Summary: Motor pathways

Answer 15

Multi-neuron pathways that deliver motor output from the brain to an effector muscle or gland

Question 16

Summary: reflex response

Answer 16

If an immediate response is requited a reflex response occurs