Mod3 Flashcards
having very little or no therapeutical value
therapeutical aids
excipient
preservations
stabilization
acidification
alkalization
therapeutical aids
sodium bicarbonate source of CO2
base
citric acid/ tataric acid/ sodium sodim dihydrogen phosphate
acid
preparations
hydrochloric acid
35-38% (w/w) HCI
hydrochloric acid USP
treatment of gastric achlorhydria (lack of HCI)
diluted hydrochloric acid USP
arsenic chloride solution
arsenious acid
HCI converts arsenic trioxide to arsenic trichloride
arsenious acid
nitromuriatic acid
nitrohydrochloric acid
aqua regia
nitrohydrochloric acid
kingly water
nitrohydrochloric acid
in diluted form activates pepsin
nitrohydrochloric acid
eau forte
nitric acid
aqua fortis
nitric acid
strong water
nitric acid
used in manufacture of explosives, nitrates
nitric acid
monsel’s solution
ferric subsulfate solution
mercuric nitrate solution
official acids
nitric acid converts bistmuth subnitrate to nitrate
bismuth magma
85-88% (w/w) H3PO4
phosphoric acid USP
94-98% (w/w) H2SO4
sulfuric acid USP
diluted H2SO4 as acidifier
saccharated ferrous carbonate
kaolin cataplasm
boric acid solution
boric acid ointment
lister’s solution
compound zinc sulfate powder
boric acid
antiseptic solution
lister’s solution
antiseptic powder
compound zinc sulfate powder
used as standard solution in acid-base titrations
sodium hydroxide
similar to NaOH but more deliquescent, stronger and more expensive than NaOH
potassium hydroxide
calcium hydroxide
sodium carbonate
strong ammonia solution
diluted ammonia solution
official bases
resist pH changes
buffers
small quantities
buffers
maintain the pH of medicinal at optimal limits
buffers
opthamaltic solution
pharmaceutical buffers
a.k.a phosphate buffered saline
sorensen phosphate buffer
salts of sodium phosphate + NaCl (pH 6-8)
sorensen phosphate buffer
boric acid + sodium carbonate + KCl (pH 5-9)
Gifford’s buffer
boric acid + sodium 𝗰𝗮𝗿𝗯𝗼𝗻𝗮𝘁𝗲 + NaCl
atkin’s and pantin buffer
boric acid + sodium 𝗯𝗼𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗲 + NaCl
feldman’s buffer (or palitzsch buffer)
mineral waters
natural spring waters
well waters
natural waters
alkaline water
carbonated water
chalybeate water
lithia water
saline water
sulfur water
siliceous water
natural waters
presence of soluble Ca and Mg bicarbonates
a. permanent hardness
b. temporary hardness
temporary hardness
can be softened by boiling or lime process
a. permanent hardness
b. temporary hardness
temporary hardness
presence of Ca and Mg chlorides and sulfates
a. permanent hardness
b. temporary hardness
permanent hardness
are typically produced on-site where they used.
bulk monographed waters
water of choice
a. purified water
b. water for injection
purified water
for hemodialysis applications
a. water for hemodialysis
b. pure steam
water for hemodialysis
as excipient in the production of nonparental preparations
a. purified water
b. water for injection
purified water
drinking water
a. purified water
b. water for injection
water of injection
clean steam
a. water for hemodialysis
b. pure steam
pure steam
porous load sterilization process
a. water for hemodialysis
b. pure steam
pure steam
purified water, packaged and rendered sterile
a. sterile water for injection
b. sterile purified water
sterile purified water
package in single-dose containers NMT 1 L
a. sterile water for injection
b. sterile purified water
sterile water for injection
antimicrobial preservatives
a. sterile water for injection
b. sterile purified water
c. bacteriostatic water for injection
bacteriostatic water for injection
benzyl alcohol
a. sterile water for injection
b. sterile purified water
c. bacteriostatic water for injection
bacteriostatic water for injection
multi-dose products
a. sterile water for injection
b. sterile purified water
c. bacteriostatic water for injection
bacteriostatic water for injection
water for injection package sterilized
a. sterile water for irrigation
b. sterile water for inhalation
sterile water for irrigation
water for injection that is packaged and rendered sterile
a. sterile water for irrigation
b. sterile water for inhalation
c. distilled water
d. deionized water
sterile water folr inhalation
in single-dose containers that may be larger than 1 L an allow rapid delivery of their contents
a. sterile water for irrigation
b. sterile water for inhalation
c. distilled water
d. deionized water
sterile water for irrigation
potable water
a. drinking water
b. carbon dioxide-free water
c. distilled water
d. deionized water
drinking water
drinkable or fit to drink
a. drinking water
b. carbon dioxide-free water
c. distilled water
d. deionized water
drinking water
prescribed source or feed water for the production of bulk monographed pharmaceutical waters.
a. drinking water
b. carbon dioxide-free water
a. water for hemodialysis
b. pure steam
drinking water
purified water that has been vigorously boiled for NLT 5 min.
a. drinking water
b. carbon dioxide-free water
c. distilled water
d. deionized water
carbon dioxide-free water
vaporizing drinking water
a. drinking water
b. carbon dioxide-free water
c. distilled water
d. deionized water
ditilled water
ion-exchange resin
a. drinking water
b. carbon dioxide-free water
c. distilled water
d. deionized water
deionized water
intented to come int direct contact with pharmaceutical products
a. boron
b. potassium
c. lead
d. glass containers
glass containers
decreases coefficient of expansion in pyrex glass
a. boron
b. potassium
c. lead
d. glass containers
boron
provide amber-like light resistant glass
a. boron
b. potassium
c. lead
d. glass containers
potassium
increase refractive index
a. boron
b. potassium
c. lead
d. glass containers
lead
suitable for most products for parenteral and nonparenteral uses.
a. type III (soda lime silica)
b. type I (borosilicate glass)
c. type II (treated soda lime silica)
d. glass grains test
type I (borosilicate glass)
suitable for most acidic and neutral aqueos products for parenteral and nonparenteral uses.
a. type III (soda lime silica)
b. type I (borosilicate glass)
c. type II (treated soda lime silica)
d. glass grains test
type II (treated soda lime silica)
not used for parenteral products or for powders for parenteral use.
a. type III (soda lime silica)
b. type I (borosilicate glass)
c. type II (treated soda lime silica)
d. glass grains test
type III (soda lime silica)
used to differentiate the type of glass
a. type III (soda lime silica)
b. type I (borosilicate glass)
c. type II (treated soda lime silica)
d. glass grains test
glass grains test
used to reduce the oxidation of active substances and excipients in the finished product
a. sodium metabisulfite
b. hypophosphorus acid
c. sulfur dioxide
d. antioxidants
antioxidants
a powerful reducing agent
a. sodium metabisulfite
b. hypophosphorus acid
c. sulfur dioxide
d. antioxidants
hypophosphorus acid
ferrous iodide syrup
a. sodium metabisulfite
b. hypophosphorus acid
c. sulfur dioxide
d. antioxidants
hypophosphorus acid
used as preservative in food, drugs and beverages
a. sodium metabisulfite
b. hypophosphorus acid
c. sulfur dioxide
d. antioxidants
sulfur dioxide
used as preservative in food, drugs and beverages
a. sodium metabisulfite
b. hypophosphorus acid
c. sulfur dioxide
d. antioxidants
sulfur dioxide
SO2 source
a. sodium metabisulfite
b. hypophosphorus acid
c. sulfur dioxide
d. antioxidants
sodium metabisulfite
for cod liver oil and vitamin preparations
a. nitrogen gas
b. hypophosphorus acid
c. argon gas
d. antioxidants
nitrogen gas
used to displace oxygen- and moisture-containing air in packaging material to extend the shelf-lives
a. nitrogen gas
b. hypophosphorus acid
c. argon gas
d. antioxidants
nitrogen gas
also used as preservatives
a. nitrogen gas
b. hypophosphorus acid
c. argon gas
d. antioxidants
argon gas
2nd major in ECF
bicarbonate
dehydration
a. electrolyte replenisher
b. systematic alkalizers
c. systemic acidifiers
electrolyte replenisher
sodium chloride
potassium chloride
calcium chloride
a. electrolyte replenisher
b. systematic alkalizers
c. systemic acidifiers
electrolyte repleshiners
finger’s solution
a. electrolyte replenisher
b. systematic alkalizers
c. systemic acidifiers
electrolyte repleshiners
oral rehydration salts
a. electrolyte replenisher
b. systematic alkalizers
c. systemic acidifiers
electrolyte repleshiners
used to manage disorders associated with low pH
a. electrolyte replenisher
b. systematic alkalizers
c. systemic acidifiers
systematic alkalizers
sodium bicarbonate
potassium bicarbonate
sodium citrate
potassium citrate
a. electrolyte replenisher
b. systematic alkalizers
c. systemic acidifiers
systematic alkalizers
normal human physiological pH is?
a. 7.65 to 7.32
b. 7.35 to 7.45
c. 7.21 to 7.66
7.35 to 7.45
alkaline body fluid
a. electrolyte replenisher
b. systematic alkalizers
c. systemic acidifiers
systematic acidifiers
sodium biphosphate
calcium chloride
ammonium chloride
a. electrolyte replenisher
b. systematic alkalizers
c. systemic acidifiers
systematic acidifiers
catalytic site of many of the enzymes and oxygen-transporating proteins (hemoglobin, transferrin)
a. copper
b. zinc
c. iron
d. manganese
iron
cofractor of many enzymes involves in redox reactions. (cytochrome c oxidase)
a. copper
b. zinc
c. iron
d. manganese
copper
enhances the action of insulin
a. copper
b. zinc
c. iron
d. manganese
zinc
immune system
a. copper
b. zinc
c. iron
d. manganese
zinc
antioxidant that protects cells from damage due to free radicals
a. selenium
b. molybdenum
c. chromium
d. manganese
manganese
potentate insulin
a. selenium
b. molybdenum
c. chromium
d. manganese
chromium
used by the enzymes to catalyze diverse redox reactions
a. selenium
b. molybdenum
c. chromium
d. manganese
molybdenum
has antioxidant properties and protects against the actions of free radicals and carcinogenic factors
a. selenium
b. molybdenum
c. chromium
d. manganese
selenium
glutathione peroxidase
a. selenium
b. molybdenum
c. chromium
d. manganese
selenium
an integral part of vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin)
a. iodine
b. cobalt
c. sulfur
d. manganese
cobalt
present in all polypeptides, proteins and enzymes that contain cysteine and methionine amino acids
a. iodine
b. cobalt
c. sulfur
d. manganese
sulfur
component of thyroid hormones
a. iodine
b. cobalt
c. sulfur
d. manganese
iodine
neutralizes stomach acidity which in turn relieves heart burn in digestion or stomach uspet
a. gastric antacids
b. magnesium antacids
c. aluminium antacids
d. calcium antacids
gastric antacids
treatment for cyanide and iodine poisoning
a. sodium nitrate
b. sodium thiosulfate
c. activated charcoal
d. ferric ferrocyanide
sodium thiosulfate
treatment for cyanide poisoning
a. sodium nitrate
b. sodium thiosulfate
c. activated charcoal
d. ferric ferrocyanide
sodium nitrate
universal antidote
a. sodium nitrate
b. sodium thiosulfate
c. activated charcoal
d. ferric ferrocyanide
activated charcoal
antidote for thallium poisoning
a. sodium nitrate
b. sodium thiosulfate
c. activated charcoal
d. ferric ferrocyanide
ferric ferrocyanide
antidote for arsenic poisoning
a. sodium nitrate
b. sodium thiosulfate
c. ferric hydroxide
d. ferric ferrocyanide
ferric hydroxide
antidote for phosphorus poisoning
a. sodium nitrate
b. cupric sulfate
c. activated charcoal
d. ferric ferrocyanide
cupric sulfate
used for bone replacement for temporary braces of long bones, and to close openings in the skull.
a. tantalum
b. gold
c. plaster of paris
d. zinc-eugenol cement
tantalum
as dental crowns, bridges and inlays (gold leaf)
a. tantalum
b. gold
c. plaster of paris
d. zinc-eugenol cement
gold
used for dental fillings
a. tantalum
b. gold
c. plaster of paris
d. mercury amalgams of gold and silver
mercury amalgams of gold and silver
used for temporary support structures, especially for broken bones
a. tantalum
b. gold
c. plaster of paris
d. mercury amalgams of gold and silver
plaster of paris
radioactive isotope, anticancer
a. tantalum
b. gold-198
c. plaster of paris
d. mercury amalgams of gold and silver
gold-198
radioactive iodine for thyroid diseases and cancer
a. tantalum
b. gold
c. plaster of paris
d. iodine-131
iodine-131
aqueous solution directed against a part or into a body cavity for cleansing and antiseptic agent
a. enemas
b. douche
c. expectorant
d. respiratory stimulants
douche
rectal injection used to evacuate the bowel
a. enemas
b. douche
c. expectorant
d. respiratory stimulants
enemas
hydroiodic acid syrup
a. enemas
b. douche
c. expectorant
d. respiratory stimulants
expectorant
calcium hydroxide + Na/K hydroxides
a. barium hydroxide lime
b. soda lime
soda lime
used as a pressurizing agent and asphyxiant (displaces the normal O2 in air)
a. nitrogen
b. oxygen
c. helium
d. carbon dioxide
e. nitrous dioxide
f. xenon
nitrogen
supplement the breathing of patients
a. nitrogen
b. oxygen
c. helium
d. carbon dioxide
e. nitrous dioxide
f. xenon
oxygen
its low density makes it easy to respire
a. nitrogen
b. oxygen
c. helium
d. carbon dioxide
e. nitrous dioxide
f. xenon
helium
to stimulate respiration
a. nitrogen
b. oxygen
c. helium
d. carbon dioxide
e. nitrous dioxide
f. xenon
carbon dioxide
a weak general anesthetic
a. nitrogen
b. oxygen
c. helium
d. carbon dioxide
e. nitrous dioxide
f. xenon
nitrous oxide
as an anesthetic used for hyperpolarized magnetic resonance imaging
a. nitrogen
b. oxygen
c. helium
d. carbon dioxide
e. nitrous dioxide
f. xenon
xenon
