M1 Flashcards
Define as half of the distance between the nuclei of neighbouring atoms in the pure element
atomic radii
the energy required to remove n electron from a gas-phase atom
ionization energy
the energy change that occurs when an electron is attached to an atom in the gas phase to form an negative ion
electron affinity
measure of the relative tendency of an atom to attract electrons to itself when it is chemically combined with another atom
electronegativity
show some properties that are characteristics of both metals and non-metals
metalloids
insulators at lower temperatures but become conductors at higher temperature
semiconductor
high terminal conductivity
metals
good heat insulators
non-metals
which of the following element is the most electronegative?
a. Ca
b. B
c. I
d. F
F
the properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers
periodic law
based on the physical properties
lothar meyer
based on the chemical properties
dimitri mendeleev
a single electron will occupy an emtpy orbitals first before pairing.
hund’s rule
orbitals fill in order of increasing energy, from lowest to highest.
aufbau principle
atom in its lowest energy, or unexcuited, state
ground state
distribution of electrons
electron configuration
the modern atomic model
electron cloud model
bombardment of beryllium with high-energy alpha particles produced neutrons
j. chadwick
describe the electron of a hydrogen atom as revolving around its nucleus in one of a discreteset of circular orbits
neils bhor
proposed the idea of wave-like nature of electron
louis de brogli
based on the wave properties of matter
quantum mechanics
a region of space in which the probability of finding an electron is high
Atomic orbital
The scattering experiment
Ernest Rutherford
Saturn-like model
Hantaro nagaoka
Positive charged localized in the nucleus
Nuclear model
elements of chemical compound are held together by electrical forces.
humpry davy
what is the shape of atom?
spherical
relationship between the amount of electricity used in electrolysis and the amount of chemical reaction that occurs
michael faraday
oil-drop experiment
robert milikan
cathode-ray tube experiment
Joseph jhon Thomson
the smallest unit tat retains the properties of an element
atom
all matter is composed of atoms and these cannot be made or destroyed
Dalton’s theory
the mass number of an atom is the sum of the number of protons and the number of neutrons in its nucleu
atomic number (A)
the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom determines its identity this numbers known as the atomic number of that element
atomic number (Z)
they are atoms containing the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
isotopes
represents the comosition of the nucleus
nuclide symbol
