MOD2-3 Flashcards
Virtue definition
Desired behaviors and characteristics that we must practice and demonstrate
Air Force Code of Values (3)
Integrity First
Service before Self
Excellence in All we Do
To be virtuous: consistent…
practice which results in habits that lay the foundation of professionalism and character
Purpose of Professionalism
To CONSISTENTLY hold to higher standard even w/o audience. Prevent live nukes being shipped, keep working when leg chopped off, et.
Integrity Breakdown
Honesty - only way to preserve trust
Courage - willing to take unpopular risk, admit mistakes
Accountability - transparency, seek feedback, take ownership
Humility - service w/ gratitude, absent arrogance, others before self to add value to communities
Service Before Self Breakdown
Duty - consistently making necessary sacrifice for mission
Loyalty - commitment to success for something bigger, helping each other
Respect - tx others w/ dignity, valuing individuals
Excellence in All We Do Breakdown
Mission - complex undertaking focus with operations, product, and resource excellence
Discipline - commitment to highest standards
Teamwork - recognize interdependency r/t mission to strive for organizational excellence
Space Force Guardian 4 C’s
Character, Connection, Commitment, Courage
Character
Act w/ Integrity
Be Accountable
Uphold standards
Connection
Foster environment
Engage everyone
Encourage
Give Help
Commitment
Seek/offer feedback
Work to be better
Audacious Goals
Learn
Embrace mastery of self
Courage
Risk
Innovate
Be Steadfast
Share thoughts and Ideas
5 Kinds of Followers & Codes +
Independent/Dependent, Passive/Active codes
IP Alienated Follower
IA Effective Follower
== Survivor
DP Sheep
DA Active Participant
Characteristics of an Effective Follower (relation w/ boss)
- Support, don’t undermine
- Disagree Privately - to prevent embarrassment
- Display Initiative - come up with solutions
- Accept responsibility when offered
- Tell the truth
- Anticipate questions - and give info to make decisions
- Know limitations
- Keep boss informed
- Selfless in Service - see something wrong fix it, NO glory
- Don’t forget family
Good followership vs. Good Leadership correlation
No different than good leaders, will fail without both.
Purpose for Military Justice System
Unique to Military
Promotes Discipline
Worldwide
Mil Justice: Service Member Rights (from what article + 3)
Article from UCMJ
Compulsory Self-Incrimination Prohibited (Article 31)
Right to Counsel - lawyer
Search & Seizure - they can w/o consent unless off-base private property (need warrant)
MilJustice: 3 means to maintain discipline
Preventative Discipline
Administrative Action
Punitive Actions
Preventative Discipline Definition
Positive endorsement of rule following in-line w/ Values/Code “Safety first vs. Don’t be Careless!”
Administrative NON-Punitive Discipline
Letter of Counseling, Admonishment, Reprimand
Unfavorable Information File
Control Roster
Officer Selection Board
Letter of Counseling
verbal counseling (for late, no shows, etc.)
Letter of Admonishment
↑ severity than LOC
Letter of Reprimand
Official censure, written according to DAFI 36-2907
Unfavorable Information File
Documented info concerning conduct
Control Roster
Lists of problem people who require attention (time sensitive goals). Cannot re-enlist, promote, PME, or PCS if on roster
Officer Selection Record
Documented data reviewed to a promotion record (lasts 10 years) - contains all preceeding (NJP, LOCAR) documents & court martials.
Punitive Discipline - Non-Judicial punishments
NJP Article 15 - for minor offenses imposed by CC, punishment r/t rank of offender (may request Court Martial Instead)
Punitive Discipline - Judicial Punishments (types of Court Martials)
Summary, Special, and General Court-Martial
Summary Court Martial
Enlisted only, minor offense, judged per 1 officer, limited punishments, doesn’t follow outside military
Special Court-Martial
Intermediate offenses, judged by 3 members minimum with limited punishments
General Court-Martial
Serious offenses, judged by 8 members minimum, MAX punishment (ONLY means of dishonorable discharge)
MilLaw: Special Units
Staff Judge Advocate
Area Defense Counsel
Victims Council
Staff Judge Advocate (SJA)
Legal staff who represents AF/SF in all legal matters
Area Defense Counsel (ADC)
Represents AF/SF personnel accused of wrongdoing
Victim’s Counsel (VC)
Advises victims of sexual assault their rights and represents them in certain matters during court-martials
UCMJ birth, name and, purpose
Uniform Code of Military Justice founded 05/05/1950 by Congress to modify/consolidate the Army Articles of War, Articles for the Government of the Navy, and Disciplinary Laws of the Coast Guard.
MCM birth, name and, purpose
Manual for Courts-Marshall, By Pres. S Truman in 1951, address military justice with evidence text, binding to personnel subject to the UCMJ. Implemented by Executive order.
UCMJ Punitive Article # Range
77-134
Professional Relationships definition
Good, preserve proper respect and authority, focus on the mission
Unprofessional relationships
Bad, detract authority, r/in favoritism, abandonment of goals, misuse of position, morale, can affect UNIT COHESIVENESS
Who can have Unprofessional Relationships? and where is allowed?
ANYONE.
ALLOWED NOWHERE (on/off duty)
Unprof relationships: PROHIBITED Officer actions (5)
Gamble w/ enlisted
Lend/borrow $$$
Engage in business with
Share living accommodations
Date/Sex
… enlisted people
Fraternization definition + 3 effects
Officer 2 Enlisted UPR
equates O to E
violates boundaries
dishonors the officer
Fraternization EXCEPTIONS (2)
Married, keep professional on-duty AND/OR
Pre-existing relationships
Fraternization 5 Elements
- Accused = Officer
- Accused fraternized
- Accused KNEW they were enlisted
- Accused violated customs
- Conduct was prejudicial (harmful)
Administrative Actions to UPRs
8 + 3 Maximum
Order to Cease
Counseling
Reprimand
Removal
Demotion
Loss of NCO Status
NEG performance report
Admin separations
Pay forfeit
Dismissal
2 Years Confinement
UPR Articles (3)
92 - Failure to Obey Lawful Order
E-E, Mil-Civ
133 - Conduct Unbecoming an Officer
O-O
134 -Fraternization
O-E
General Prohibition of Behaviors (3)
Solicitation - sale from juniors
Social Media - be professional
Family Members - be professional while on-duty
Problem Solving Definition
The purposeful act of observing a problem and then deciding to solve it, after considering solutions and deciding upon one.
OODA vs. PPSM Names and Purpose
Observe, Orient, Decide, Act = 4 Step (for short term problems)
Practice Problem, Solving Method = 8 Step (for long term problems)
PPSM Breakdown (8)
- Clarify/Validate
- ID Performance Gaps (break↓)
- Set Improvement Targets
- Determine Root Causes (not just s/s)
- Develop Counter-measures
- Execute Countermeasures
- Confirm Results and Progress
- Standardize Successful Processes
Establishing Expectations Importance to subordinates
Linkage to standards and unit mission
Expectations, Execution Loop
Observe, Identify Performance Gaps, Recalibrate/set new expectations, allow subordinates to work
How to communicate Expectations
simply, provide necessary details only
Subordinate role in Expectation
Outside of executing, can possibly find the connection of what’s missing with their experience
Expectations, seeking buy-in (3)
Reduce frustration
Foster agreement/commitment
Lead w/ ownership/pride to success
Expectations tracking as Leader (4)
Outline steps
Identify milestones
Track
Capture results
Statement vs. Argument
Statement = claim, assertion, conclusion, “purpose”
Argument = proposes a reason for a conclusion
Fact vs. Opinion
Fact = can be verified
Opinion - statement of belief, may be Obj/Subjective
Obj ex. it’s 100 degrees outside
Sub ex. it is very hot outside
Information Intake: Sponging vs. Sifting
Sponging - TAKE IT ALL (but overload, poor focus)
Sifting - enhances critical thinking skills but difficult, takes longer.
9 Intellectual Standards to Assess one’s thinking
Clarity = is the statement clear, understandable?
Accuracy - factually true to reality?
Precision - more details to refines info, “it’s hot today” vs specific #
Relevance - related to issue at hand? reduces info/distills complexity
Depth - addresses root causes, nuance, deeper layers of info
Breadth - addresses various interpretations, points of view, considerations
Logic - when combined is it mutually supporting? “make sense?”
Significant - which info is most important?
Fairness - avoiding personal interest, ego. justified assumptions
CritThinking - missing info to consider (4)
Source of facts?
Difference in key term definitions?
How does it look from a different viewpoint?
Counter-argument?
Source Credibility (6)
Reputation
Vested Interest
Corroboration
Expertise
Nature of the Claim
Credible Reasons
Critical Thinking II - 7 Steps
Purpose - what’s my obj?
Question - is question right?
Information (Data/Evidence) - is it accurate, fair, clear? alt sources?
Concepts (Ideas) - what concepts am I relying on (hijacking r/t planes)
Assumptions - What beliefs/values are influencing me
Implications and Consequences - possible outcomes, impacts?
Inferences - what am I predicting?
Types of Thinking (2)
System 1 - fast, unconscious, r/t pattern recognition
System 2 - slow deliberate, discerns new patterns
Thinking Errors (6)
Wrong Question - or the right question, wrong way
Thinking too Quickly - wrong system
Stereotypes - snap System 1 thinking, oversimplifying
Cognitive Bias (2) - Halo effect, 1 trait defines entirety + Belief Perseverance , cog bias
Deflection - steers away from initial intent, ↓ focus discussion
Organizational Sources of Conflict (2)
Communication and Structural Factors
Aspects of Poor Communication (3)
Misinterpretation
Inaccuracy
Incomplete
Conflict: Structural Breakdown (3)
↑ size = ↑ problems
Rewards - if unfair, biased
Resource Interdependence - vs. time, ppl, money
Conflict: Personal Behavior Factors (3)
Values, Perception, Personality
Military Negotiation Definition (4 key aspects)
Ongoing processes leveraging communication, critical thinking, trust building, for mutually beneficial options
Negotiation Types (2)
Distributive - limited resources, ZERO sum gain, about position
Integrative - Ø resource management, seeks for solutions/protects relationship, about interests
TIPO Model
Trust vs. Information vs. Options vs. Power, give/take from each
Kilmann’s 5 Styles of Conflict Resolution - Assertiveness vs. Cooperativeness
↑A↓C Compete/Forcing
↑A↑C Collaborating
=A=C Compromising
↓A↓C Avoiding
↓A↑C Accommodating
AFNC’s 5 Problem Solving Approaches -
People vs. Task
↓P↑T Insist
↑P↑T Cooperate
=P=T Settle
↓P↓T Evade
↑P↓T Comply
Negotiation Barrier (4) & Tools to Overcome (5)
Biases
Emotions
Stereotypes
Attitudes
Active Listening
Self-Awareness
Critical Thinking
Creative Thinking
Communication Skills
USAF Core Functions (5)
Air Superiority
Intelligence, Surveillance, & Reconnaissance (ISR)
Rapid Global Mobility
Global Strike
Command & Control
USAF CF: Air Superiority
Freedom to/from attack
(essential precondition to successful milOps, to operate W/O threat of attack from enemy)
USAF CF: Intelligence, Surveillance, & Reconnaissance
Ears/Eyes on adversaries
↑ situational awareness of battlespace, allows decision space for cmd elements
↓ uncertainty of adversaries & capabilities
USAF CF: Global Mobility
Delivery on demand
Deployment, sustainment of equipment/personnel
In-flight refueling - unique USAF capability, vital/linchpin to power projection intercontinentally
USAF CF: Global Strike
Any target, Any time
All targets @ risk for disabling/destroying (even from bases in US).
USAF CF: Command & Control (C2)
Total flexibility in operations… right info → person → time.
Reliable comms & info networks
Allows joint teams to operate globally @ ↑ tempo/intensity
USSF: Core Competencies (5)
Space Security
Combat Power Projection
Space Mobility and Logistics
Information Mobility
Space Domain Awareness
USSF CC: Space Security
Safe & Secure access to space for civil, commercial, Intelligence Community (IC), & multinational partners
Helps assure partners that US military is positioned to monitor and protect their interests
USSF CC: Combat Power Projection
Goal: Freedom of Action
Defensive Operations ensure US freedom of action in space
Offensive Operations deny adversary’s freedom of action in space
USSF CC: Space Mobility and Logistics
Movement support of milEquipment/Personnel in/out of space
Dependent on ability to launch milEquipment into space & orbit safely, securely, and in a reliable manner
USSF CC: Information Mobility
Timely, rapid, reliable collection & transportation of data to even the MOST remote areas of human activity
USSF CC: Space Domain Awareness
Effective identification, characterization, & understanding of physical, network, and cognitive dimensions factors which could affect space operations.
AFFORGEN Definition
AF’s sustainable capacity-driven model for presenting forces to Joint Force Commanders (JFCs) & to counter long-term strategic competition
AFFORGEN Cycle (in order!)
Reset - reconnect, reconstitute, reintegrate
Prepare - build towards peak unit readiness
Ready - certifying events
Available to Commit - deployed & ready
AFFORGEN role/importance of Readiness on mission accomplishment
Readiness focus is to develop & maintain warfighting skillsets r/in predictability & sustainability
Train, certify, & deploy as a team
Types of Diversity (4)
Demographic
Cognitive/Behavioral
Organizational/Structural
Global Diversity
Demographic Diversity (8)
Age
Gender
Race/Ethnicity
Geographic Origin
Family Status
Socioeconomic Status
Religion
Disability
Cognitive/Behavioral Diversity (4)
Styles of…
Personality
Thinking
Learning
Work
Organizational/Structural Diversity
Prior experience at a organization/institution that could effect team interactions
Global Diversity (2)
Citizenship/Naturalization Status
Language(s) spoken
Result of Good Diversity Management
↑ productive/creative units in completing a mission
Managing organizational culture & climate (4)
Enable creativity & potential
Eradicate stereotypes & microaggressions
How to leverage diversity to ↑ productivity (4)
Utilize motivations, interests, strengths, & weaknesses (r/in ↑ productivity)
Countering Own Bias (3 Steps)
Acknowledge - admit own & that they are not reflective of reality
(Re)Calibrate - perceptions to be more accurate, transcend binary thinking, empathetic
Transform - ▲character and form engagement, set an example
Full Range Leadership Types (3)
Transactional
Transformational
Laissez-Faire
Laissez-Fair Leadership is…
the absence of leadership (DO NOT DO THIS 💀)
Transactional Leadership
Day-to-day interactions/transactions for immediate results with incentives (CR, MBE-A/P)
Transformational Leadership Subcategories (4)
Individual Consideration
Intellectual Stimulation
Inspirational Motivation
Idealized Influence
How to apply Full Range Leadership?
No one style is “better”
Apply to different circumstance, can blend, utilize multiple approaches
Laissez-Faire is ABSENCE of leadership, AVOID IT.
Teambuilding, Stages of Team Growth
Forming
Storming
Norming
Performing
3 Characteristics of a High Performing Team
Trust
Communication
Cooperation
Teambuilding: Forming (3)
When individual transitions from individual to member status:
Individuals determine/establish place &/or accept procedures/rules
Member’s explore acceptable group behaviors & boundaries
Teambuilding: Storming (5)
Most difficult stage
Conflicts arise
Impatience r/t lack of progress
Arguing of team actions to take
May resist need for collaboration
Teambuilding: Norming (4)
Reconciling competing loyalties/responsibilities
Setting norms/appropriate behavior
Establishing cohesiveness/commitment
Reduced conflict r/in ↑ cooperation
Teambuilding: Performing (5)
Accepting others STR + WKNSes
Embracing roles
Settled relationships/expectations
Solving problems/implementing changes
Proficiency in achieving goals
Director Role in Forming (4)
DIRECTOR, help focus on:
Getting to know one another
Identifying roles
Clearly understanding mission/tasks
Director Role in Storming (6)
COACH, best when completed quickly, control chaos by:
Listen to concerns
Climate open discussion
Obtain inputs best to achieve team’s goals
Encourage/Support
Facilitate conflict resolution
Director Role in Norming (4)
COLLABORATOR, facilitate maximizing member contributions by:
Delegating responsibilities
Building member confidence
Maximize member STRs
Director Role in Performing (5)
VISIONARY, maintain success, shift focus from inward to outward by:
Ensuring solid mechanisms for feedback
Fostering new ideas
Cultivating leadership
Planning for the future
Organizational CULTURE (5)
Years of Tradition
Long-term ingrained
Foundational Beliefs
Ideologies, Values, Norms
Established Traditions
Organizational CLIMATE (5)
Fizzles in months
Product of culture, more flexible
Short term, adjustable
Attitudes & Perceptions
Moods & Feelings
Building a +Culture: How do? (3)
Respect Diversity
Safe & Secure
High Standards
Building +Culture: Safe & Secure (2 + 3 ea)
Physical Security
Safety/Security protocols
Proper Training
Building management
Emotional Security
Encouraged to risk/No fear of failure
Respect/openness
Trust
Building +Culture: High Standards (3)
Establish expectations
Challenge to new hieghts/challenges
Ø accept bare minimum
Building +Culture: Respect Diversity (4)
Organizations are diverse.
Be Inclusive
Embrace perspectives/talents
Forbid discrimination
Building +Climate: How to Implement Change?
Focus on Little Things
Address your Unit
Inspire Action
Building +Climate: Address your Unit (5)
Inform of Potential Mission Impact
Address ± results
Strategies for problem resolution
Offer f/u services
Use DEOCS (Defense Equal Opportunity Climate Survey)
Building +Climate: Inspire Action (3)
Communication of mission, vision, priorities
Enable action
Reinforce actions
Building +Climate: Focus on Little Things (1)
… EVERYTHING a leader does influences the climate
Culture Definition (as per AF Culture/Language Center)
The creation, maintenance, and transformation across generations of semi-shared patterns of meaning, sense-making, affiliation, action, and organization of groups.
12 Cultural Domains
Sex & Gender
Family & Kinship
Sustenance & Health
Learning & Knowledge
Language & Communication
Aesthetics & Recreations
Economics & Resources
Technology & Material
Political & Social Relations
History & Myth
Religion & Spirituality
Time & Space
Human Security vs. National Security
Protecting individuals from violence = cornerstone to national security
Security of a nation is measured by how well it protects its citizens from violence, hunger, disease, & natural disasters
How does culture relate to human security?
MilOrganizations who are tasked to protect people need to understand their culture.
Importance of Gender Perspective
Informs us of tactical, operational, strategic situation during mission execution
Allows mission planners to use this knowledge to inform & influence activities of the mission
Barriers to Cultural & Gender Competence (5)
Defense
Ethnocentrism
Stereotypes
Faulty Assumptions
Misrepresentation
Barriers to Cultural & Gender Competence: Ethnocentrism
own culture = best culture
Barriers to Cultural & Gender Competence: Stereotypes
wrong set of ideas of someone/thing
Barriers to Cultural & Gender Competence: Defense
viewing cultural awareness/gender considerations as a threat or annoyance. Nice to have vs. necessary
Barriers to Cultural & Gender Competence: Faulty Assumptions
gender r/t women inclining exclusionary vs inclusionary. Likely to offend partner nation/ally.
Barriers to Cultural & Gender Competence: Misrepresentation
When gender awareness is perceived as a effort to meet quotas to push Western initiatives on partners w/o interest or consent
OPSEC Security Definition
Information-related capability that preserves friendly secrecy. Uses processes to identify, control, & protect critical info/indicators.
OPSEC: Adversary Definition
An entity w/ goal to counter to our own
OPSEC: Threat Definition
Adversary w/ intent & capability to collect critical info/take action detrimental to mission success
OPSEC: Vulnerabilties
When adversary is capable of collecting critical info/indicators, correctly analyzing, & acting quickly enough to impact friendly objectives
OPSEC: Critical Information
friendly intentions, activities, capabilities, or limitations that adversary seeks to gain military, diplomatic, economic, or technological advantage.
Each military unit critical info list should be published with “For Official Use Only”
OPSEC 5 Step Process
Identify Critical Information
Analyze Threats
Analyze Vulnerabilities
Assess Risk
Apply Counter-Measures
OPSEC: How to Identify Critical Information
Critical = valuable to adversary, varies based on organization role.
Best identified by personnel who plan & organize the mission
Adversarial approach: what info does the adversary want? (AFI10-701, para 3.2.2)
OPSEC: Analyze Threats Breakdown
Identifies adversary with intentions & capabilities to collect, analyze, & exploit our critical info/indicators
use threat info to develop counter-measures
OPSEC: Analyze Vulnerabilities Breakdown
Vulnerability = when info is capable of being collected. As result of poor: procedures, security, leadership judgement, threat awareness, & encryption (AFI 10-701, para 3.4.2)
OPSEC: Assess Risks Breakdown
RISK = THREAT + VULERABILITY
Determine risk & then develop countermeasures. Best are ↓ resource/effect on mission goals ↑ protection (AFI 10-701, para 3.5.2)
OPSEC: Countermeasures Breakdown
Implemented after risk assessment finished/acceptable. Purpose to mitigate risk to an acceptable level.
Branch of Gov that establishes military authority
The Executive Branch
3 Provisions Embodied in the US Constitution + points (3, 1, 3)
Federalism
Distribution powers & responsibilities
States were individual governments
Townships/counties = basic units of govt
Enumerated Powers of the Govt
Federal Govt powers limited by US Constitution
Separation of Powers/Checks & Balance
3 equal branches
Goal is to limit each other’s desire to gain more power
Per Congress, most power comes from direct representation of the ppl
1st Amendment
Freedom of speech and Religion For Officers: restricts from considering gender, religion, race, & political associations when making decisions
2nd Amendment
Right to Bear Arms
For Officers: can’t take weapons from people… UNLESS mandated reporting/concern
3rd Amendment
No quarter (soldiers) For Officers: can’t force public to house them
4th Amendment
No unreasonable search/seizures For Officers: can’t search public/other mil members w/out probable cause. COMMANDER CAN search areas under control.
5th Amendment
No Self-Incriminations unless is Grand Jury
6th, 7th, 8th Amendment
Right to Speedy Trial, Trial, & no cruel/unusual punishment
For Officers: cannot punish member w/o trial (UNLESS Art 15)
9th Amendment
Right’s can’t enroach other’s rights
For Officers: just cause NOT mentioned in Amendments doesn’t mean we can deny them
10th Amendment
Powers != Govt, go to States or people