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Mechanisms of Disease Exam #2 > MOD Etc. II > Flashcards

MOD Etc. II Flashcards

1
Q

Translocation for Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)

A

(9;22)

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2
Q

Genes associated w/ CML

A

ABL 9q34

BCR 22q11

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3
Q

Translocations for Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)

A

(8;21)

15;17

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4
Q

Translocation for Burkitt lymphoma

A

(8;14)

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5
Q

Translocation for Mantle cell lymphoma

A

(11;14)

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6
Q

Translocation for Follicular lymphoma

A

(14;18)

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7
Q

Gene DNMT3A

Function:
Tumor:

A

Function: DNA methylation
Tumor: AML

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8
Q

Gene MLL1

Function:
Tumor:

A

Function: histone methylation
Tumor: acute leukemia in infants

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9
Q

Gene MLL2

Function:
Tumor:

A

Function: histone methylation
Tumor: follicular lymphoma

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10
Q

Gene CREBBP/EP300

Function:
Tumor:

A

Function: histone acetylation
Tumor: diffuse large B cell lymphoma

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11
Q

Gene ARID1A

Function:
Tumors:

A

Function: nucleosome positioning/chromatin remodeling
Tumors: ovarian clear cell carcinoma, endometrial carcinoma

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12
Q

SNF5

Function:
Tumor:

A

Function: nucleosome positioning/chromatin remodeling
Tumor: malignant rhabdoid tumor

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13
Q

PBRM1

Function:
Tumor:

A

Function: nucleosome positioning/chromatin remodeling
Tumor: renal carcinoma

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14
Q

Laboratory diagnosis of cancer - 6 methods (6)

A

Histologic

Immunohistochemistry

  • cytokeratin
  • epithelial membrane ag. (EMA)
  • leukocyte common ag. (LCA, CD45)
  • peroxidase
  • non-specific esterase
  • GFAP

Cytologic

Flow cytometry

Circulating tumor cells

Molecular and cytogenetic diagnostics

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15
Q

Neuron-specific enolase (2)

A

Small cell carcinoma

Neuroblastoma

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16
Q

TP53, APC, RAS mutants in stool and serum

A

Colon cancer

17
Q

TP53, RAS mutants in stool and serum

A

Pancreatic cancer

18
Q

TP53, RAS mutants in sputum and serum

A

Lung cancer

19
Q

TP53 mutants in urine

A

Bladder cancer

20
Q

Most common cancer of the skin

A

Basal cell carcinoma > squamous cell carcinoma > melanoma

21
Q

TP53 is the…

A

Guardian of the genome

22
Q

APC is the…

A

Gatekeeper of colonic neoplasia

23
Q

RB is the…

A

Governor of the cell cycle

24
Q

What are the targets cells of the DNA viruses that can induce cancer?

A 
HPV - cervical carcinoma
HHSV8 - Kaposi sarcoma
HBV - liver disease
EBV - Burkitt lymphoma and nasolaryngeal carcinomas
MCV - Merkel cell carcinoma
25
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma is associated with which paraneoplastic syndrome?

A

Hypercalcemia

26
Q

Malignancies associated with HH/WNT in Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome

A

Hepatoblastoma
Pancreatoblastoma
Adrenocortical tumors
Rhabdomyosarcomas

27
Q

Most common malignancy in kids

A

B cell leukemia

28
Q

Most common solid tumor in kids

A

Medulloblastoma

29
Q

Most common extracranial tumor in kids

A

Neuroblastoma

30
Q

Immunohistochemistry techniques and what cancers they target (6)

A

Cytokeratin - skin cancers
Epithelial membrane Ag - carcinomas
Leukocyte C Ag (LCA) (CD45) - WBC malignancies
Peroxidase - myeloid cell line malignancies
Non-specific esterase - monocytic neoplasia
GFAP - malignancies of glial origins

31
Q

“Major nuclear regulatory oncogene”

A

MYC

32
Q

All of the oncogenes are AD, except:

A

MSH - DNA repair factor

33
Q

Von Hippel Lindau syndrome includes (3)

A

Cerebellar hemangioblastoma
Retinal angioma
Renal cell carcinoma

34
Q

To perform its normal action, p53 acts through what?

A

p21 to cause apoptosis via transcription of genes like BAX

35
Q

What chromosome is p53 found?

A

17p13.1

36
Q

Xeroderma pigemtosum

A

Problem with nucleotide excision repair from UV damage

37
Q

HTLV-1 is an RNA virus that causes what malignancy?

A

Adult T cell/leukemia/lymphoma, mostly in South American countries

Mechanisms of Disease Exam #2 (10 decks)

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