Mod 9 - Effects of mutation

Question 1

point mutation

Answer 1

one base pair replaced with another

Question 2

transition mutation

Answer 2

purine to a purine
or
pyrimidine to a pyrimidine

Question 3

transverse mutation

Answer 3

purine to pyrimidine
or
vice versa

Question 4

insertion mutation

Answer 4

one or more new base pairs are inserted

Question 5

deletion mutation

Answer 5

one or more base pairs are deleted

Question 6

inversion mutation

Answer 6

two or more are excised and reinserted in opposite orientation

so they just get turned around within the seqeunce

see onenote for examples of all these mutations

Question 7

synonymous mutation

Answer 7

no effect on amino acid sequence due to redundency in genetic code

aka silent mutation (but these can also be applied to mutations in intergenic regions)

Question 8

non synonymous mutation

Answer 8

changes the amino acid sequence

aka missence mutation

Question 9

nonsense mutation

Answer 9

changes a codon in the sequence into a stop codon

Question 10

readthrough mutation

Answer 10

changes a stop codon to a normal amino acid codon
so it doesnt stop making AAs, increases length of chain until it hits another stop codon

Question 11

frameshift mutation

Answer 11

changes the reading frame
which ends up changing all the codons downstream of the mutation

caused by insertion or deletion
(if u insert/delete 3 then it doesnt effect reading frame, but will just insert/remove an AA)

Question 12

suppresive mutations

Answer 12

second site reversion which reverses the mutation

nucleotide sequence still altered, but the second mutation supresses the effects of the first

see onenote for examples