mod 9 Flashcards
Function of spinal cord And system its apart of
sensory and motor innervation of the body, 2 way conduction pathway for signals between body and brain, major center for reflexes. apart of CNS
How many spinal nerves and how are they numbered
31 spinal nerves, c1-c7 emerge above respective vertebrae, c8 emerge below respective vertebrae
filum terminale
long filament that extends from conus meduallaris
conus medullaris
inferior end of actual spinal cord
cauda equina
bundle of nerve roots at inferior end of vertebral canal is cauda equina
layers that protect spinal cord
dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater
dorsal root
carries sensory neuron signals to spinal cord
dorsal root ganglion
where cell bodies are held
ventral root
signals going out to motor neurons travel through here
what structures carry both sensory and motor information
ventral and dorsal rami
define a reflex and give example
rapid, automatic, unlearned motor response ex: blinking
dermatome
area of skin supplied by a singular spinal nerve
what ventral rami contributes to cervical plexus
first 4 cervical nerves (c1-c4)
what ventral rami contributes to bracial plexus
C5-c8 and most of t1
what ventral rami contributes to lumbar plexus
l1-l4
what ventral rami contributes to sacral plexus
l4-s4
what ventral rami contributes to lumbosacral plexus
l4-s4
major nerve associated with cervical plexus and what does it innervate
phrenic nerve innervates diaphragm
5 major components of brachial plexus
ventral rami, trunks, divisions, and cords
5 nerves associated w brachial plexus
musculocutaneous, median, ulnar, radial, axillary
nerves associated w lumbosacral plexus
femoral, obturator, tibial, common fibular,
functions of skin
protects from mechanical damage, prevents water loss, vitamin D production, sensory perception, temp regulation, excretion of salt/ waste
layer of skin that has blood vessels and nerves
dermis
cells found in the epidermis
melanocytes, Merkel cells, keratinocytes, melanocytes
dermis and its layers
layer below epidermis, papillary layer and reticular layer
hypodermis and what you find there
supports skin, you find areolar and adipose loose CT
function of hair
protection, sensation, and insulation
eccrine glands
secreted onto the skin surface
apocrine glands
discharge into hair follicles
ceruminous glands
lines external ear canal and produces earwax
mammary glands
secretes milk
sebaceous glands
multicellular exocrine glands open onto hair follicles and secrete sebum
function of melanin and what does it protect against
produce melanin and protect against uv rays
why do some people have more active melanocytes
exposure to uv rays and genetics
autonomic nervous system
general visceral motor system of PNS. controls all the routine functions of physiological systems
sympathetic nervous system
“fight or flight”
parasympathetic nervous system
“rest and digest”
differences between parasympathetic and sympathetic
sympathetic heart rate picks up, adrenaline rushes, pupils dialate
parasympathetic heart rate slows, respiration slows, pupils constrict
