Mod 8 Flashcards
parts of the Central Nervous System
brain and spinal cord
Functions of Nervous system
Collects information, Processes and evaluates information, and responds to information
parts of Peripheral Nervous System
Cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and Ganglia
function of Sensory Nervous System
sends information from RECEPTORS to CNS
Somatic Sensory
RECEIVES information form skin, fascia, joints, skeletal muscles and special senses
Visceral Sensory
RECEIVES information from viscera
Somatic Motor
VOLUNTARY innervates skeletal muscle
Autonomic Motor
INVOLUNTARY, innervates cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands
two types of cells in nervous tissue
neurons and glia
Function of Motor Nervous System
sends information from CNS to BODY
MOTOR INFO to EFFECTORS
Autonomic nervous system
Somatic motor nervous system
Neuron
cells that transmit electrical signals
Soma
Cell body of neuron, contains nucleus, cytoplasm, and organelles
Dendrites
beginning of cell, receives signals and transmit them to Soma
Glia found in the Central Nervous System
Ependymal Cells, Microglia, Oligodendrocytes, Astrocytes
Axon
transmits signal to axon terminals
Glia of the central Nervous System
Ependymal Cells- Help produce cerebrospinal fluid
Microglia- defense
Oligodendrocytes- myelinates axons
Astrocytes- most common, forms blood brain barrier
Glia of the Peripheral Nervous System
Schwann cells- myelinate axons of the PNS
Satellite cells- found surrounding cell bodies in Ganglia
Ganglia
collections of neuron cells bodies outside of CNS
Nerve
Collection of Axons in the Peripheral Nervous System
Epineurium
Surrounds entire nerve
Perineurium
surrounds fasicle
Endoneurium
surrounds axon and myelin sheath
Function of the brain
Controls heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure, maintains homeostasis, and controls high level functions
Four parts of the brain
Cerebrum,diencephalon, cerebellum, and brainstem
What is found in the diencephalon
3rd ventricle- trains csf
Where is the Dienecephalon
in the middle of the brain, surrounded by cerebral hemispheres
Functions of the Hypothalamus
controls ANS, regulates body temp, regulates hunger/thirst, sleep/wake cycles, controls endocrine system, emotional responses, and formation of memory
Functions of Thalamus
filters somatosensory, visual, and auditory info
Functions of the Epithalamus
forms roof of 3rd ventricle and holds pineal gland
Gyri
ridges of brain tissue that help increase surface area
Sulci
grooves between gyri
Functions of the cerebrum
intelligence, complex thinking,
Function and location of the Primary Motor Cortex
F- control voluntary skeletal muscle activity
L- precentral gyrus
Function and location of the Primary Somatosensory Cortex
F- recieves info from somatic senses and enables concious awareness of senses
L- post central gyrus
Function and location of the Auditory Cortex
F- recieves and process auditory info from inner ear
L- Temporal lobe
Function and location of Visual Cortex
F- recieves visual info from retina
L- posterior/medial occipital lobe
White matter of the Cerebrum
corpus callosum
what connects left and right hemispheres
corpus callosum
Cerebral Nuclei function
start, stop, and regulate the intensity of voluntary movements
names of cerebral nuclei
caudate nucleus, putamen, amygdala, globus pallidus
functions of the Brainstem
connects cerebrum and spinal cord, start of cranial nerves for innervation of the face and head, autonomic and reflex centers needed for survival
Three parts of the Brainstem
midbrain
pons
medulla oblongata
cerebellum function
fine tunes body movements, coordinates body movements, maintain posture and equilibrium
limbic system
involved with emotion and motivation, and creating, storing, and retrieving memories
structures of the limbic system
cingulate gyrus- emotional response
hippocampus- stores memory
amygdala- processes fear
layers of meninges
dura mater-
arachnoid mater-
pia mater-
dural venous sinuses
drain blood from brain into the internal jugular veins
