Mod 8

Question 1

Disruptions in the neurological development

Answer 1

Genetic
Metabolic
Infectious
Trauma
Degenerative disorders
Anatomic brain malformations

Question 2

Associated conditions include:

Answer 2

Seizures
Sensory impairments
Problems with physical growth
Psychiatric and behavioral disorders

Question 3

Developmental delay

Answer 3

used for situations in which the child is not meeting age-appropriate milestones as expected in one or more areas of development:

Question 4

Types of developmental delays may include:

Answer 4

An individual milestone
Mixed milestones
Global developmental delay in which all milestones are delayed

Question 5

Microcephaly

Answer 5

—the head circumference is more than two standard deviations below average for the child’s age, sex, race, and period of gestation.

Question 6

Macrocephaly

Answer 6

—the head circumference is more than two standard deviations above average for the child’s age, sex, race, and period of gestation.

Question 7

Muscle tone abnormalities

Answer 7

Increased muscle tone: hypertonia

Decreased muscle tone: hypotonia

Question 8

Dysmorphic features,

Answer 8

such as low-lying ears, flattened nose, or abnormal eyelid creases

Question 9

neurocutaneous lesions

Answer 9

Large or clustered skin lesions,

Question 10

Abnormalities in the cranial nerves,

Answer 10

such as decreased vision or hearing, or inability to use the tongue

Question 11

Diagnosistic test

Answer 11

Chromosome testing
Metabolic screening
Thyroid function screening
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Question 12

Treatment

Answer 12

Multidisciplinary approach

Question 13

Multidisciplinary approach

Answer 13

Physical therapy
    Occupational therapy
    Speech therapy
    Educational services
    Audiology
    Psychology
    Social work
    Child life specialist

Question 14

neural tube defects (NTDs)

Answer 14

They occur in the brain and spinal cord during the fetal period and are thought to be due to folic acid deficiency in pregnant women

Question 15

Spina Bifida

Answer 15

can have paralysis of the legs. This is dependent on the severity of the defect, but includes flaccid muscles with varying degrees of sensory loss.
Problems with control of the bowel and bladder are also common.

Question 16

Spina bifida cystica

Answer 16

—a section of the spinal cord and the nerves that come from the cord is exposed and visible on the outside of the body.

Question 17

Meningocele

Answer 17

—the membrane that surrounds the spinal cord is enlarged, creating a cyst-like sac.

Question 18

Spina bifida occulta

Answer 18

—a section of the spinal vertebrae is malformed, but the spinal cord and nerves are normal.

Question 19

Spina Bifida treatment

Answer 19

depends on type
Neurosurgery
Neurology
Pediatrics
Physical therapy
Occupational therapy
Speech therapy
Social work
Education
Child life specialist

Question 20

Anencephaly

Answer 20

is a neural cord defect in which most of the brain does not develop. The child can be missing both portions of the brain and skull. still born or die soon after

Question 21

encephalocele,

Answer 21

a portion of the brain protrudes through an opening in the skull. The severity varies depending on the size and location.

Question 22

Chiari malformation

Answer 22

is a structural defect in the cerebellum, the part of the brain that controls balance

Dizziness
Muscle weakness
Numbness
Vision problems
Headaches
Problems with balance and coordination