Mod 8 Flashcards
Disruptions in the neurological development
Genetic Metabolic Infectious Trauma Degenerative disorders Anatomic brain malformations
Associated conditions include:
Seizures
Sensory impairments
Problems with physical growth
Psychiatric and behavioral disorders
Developmental delay
used for situations in which the child is not meeting age-appropriate milestones as expected in one or more areas of development:
Types of developmental delays may include:
An individual milestone
Mixed milestones
Global developmental delay in which all milestones are delayed
Microcephaly
—the head circumference is more than two standard deviations below average for the child’s age, sex, race, and period of gestation.
Macrocephaly
—the head circumference is more than two standard deviations above average for the child’s age, sex, race, and period of gestation.
Muscle tone abnormalities
Increased muscle tone: hypertonia
Decreased muscle tone: hypotonia
Dysmorphic features,
such as low-lying ears, flattened nose, or abnormal eyelid creases
neurocutaneous lesions
Large or clustered skin lesions,
Abnormalities in the cranial nerves,
such as decreased vision or hearing, or inability to use the tongue
Diagnosistic test
Chromosome testing
Metabolic screening
Thyroid function screening
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Treatment
Multidisciplinary approach
Multidisciplinary approach
Physical therapy
Occupational therapy
Speech therapy
Educational services
Audiology
Psychology
Social work
Child life specialistneural tube defects (NTDs)
They occur in the brain and spinal cord during the fetal period and are thought to be due to folic acid deficiency in pregnant women
Spina Bifida
can have paralysis of the legs. This is dependent on the severity of the defect, but includes flaccid muscles with varying degrees of sensory loss.
Problems with control of the bowel and bladder are also common.
Spina bifida cystica
—a section of the spinal cord and the nerves that come from the cord is exposed and visible on the outside of the body.
Meningocele
—the membrane that surrounds the spinal cord is enlarged, creating a cyst-like sac.
Spina bifida occulta
—a section of the spinal vertebrae is malformed, but the spinal cord and nerves are normal.
Spina Bifida treatment
depends on type Neurosurgery Neurology Pediatrics Physical therapy Occupational therapy Speech therapy Social work Education Child life specialist
Anencephaly
is a neural cord defect in which most of the brain does not develop. The child can be missing both portions of the brain and skull. still born or die soon after
encephalocele,
a portion of the brain protrudes through an opening in the skull. The severity varies depending on the size and location.
Chiari malformation
is a structural defect in the cerebellum, the part of the brain that controls balance
Dizziness Muscle weakness Numbness Vision problems Headaches Problems with balance and coordination
