Mod 7 Flashcards
What are the three functions of the brain stem?
Provides transit for ascending and descending pathways
Regulates/controls basic vital functions of the body
Sub serves cranial nerves [CN] functions; houses CN nuclei
What are the brainstems transit roles
Sensory- spinal cord to the thalamus
Motor - cortex to the spinal cord
What are the vital functions of the brainstem
Respiration, heart beat, equilibrium
centers that determine level of activity of cerebrum and control sleep cycles of the body
True or false
The CN enter and exit from the brainstem at various levels from the midbrain down through the medulla
True
There are two types of CN nuclei that are located in the brainstem, what are they
the sensory nerve nuclei of termination–> the cell bodies of incoming first order sensory neurons
Motor nerve nuclei of origin –> the cell bodies of outgoing peripheral motor nerves (final common path
What are the four regions of the brainstem?
Roof, Basilar portion, tegmentum , ventricular cavities
What is the posterior or dorsal boundary of the brainstem
The roof
In the midbrain, what is the roof
Tectum
In the Pons, what is the roof
Cerebellum
At the level of the lower Pons and the medulla, what is the roof
the choroid plexus (on the floor of the 4th ventricle
What two nuclei are present in the tegmentum that are important to the basal ganglia function? What are their functions
Red nucleus –> functions with BG and cerebellum to coordinate muscle movement of the body
Substantia nigra–> functions with the BG in control of unconscious movements of the body
What serves as a relay station for signals from cerebellum that are going to the thalamus and cerebrum?
Superior tegmentum
What connects the 3rd and 4th ventricles
The aqueduct of Sylvius
Where is the midbrain located
Between the diencephalon and the pons
Where do the oculomotor and trochlear motor nerves exit at the brainstem
Midbrain-pons junction
Where is the corpora quadrigemina located
On the dorsal surface of the midbrain
The superior and inferior brachia connect ___ with ___
Colliculi with the thalamus
The root of CN IV (trochlear) exits at the ____ aspect
Dorsal
What is located between the midbrain and medulla?
Pons
The pons forms the _____ of the metencephalon
Basilar portion
What are the important CN nuclei at the pons level?
CN V - trigeminal
CN VI - abducens
CN VII- facial
CN VIII- vestibulocochlear
The ____ is the CN nuclei that main sensory nucleus is touch
Trigeminal: CN V
CN ____ has motor innervation for eye movement
CN VI: abducens
True or false: CN VIII (vestibulocochlear) has to do with motor movement to the facial muscles
False; vestibulocochlear = hearing and balance.
CN VII: facial = motor movement to facial muscles.
Where does the pyramidal decussation of the corticospinal pathways occur
The lower medulla
Which CN nuclei are located in the medulla?
Glossopharyngeal IX
Vagus X
Spinal accessory XI
Hypoglossal XII
CN III, VI and XII emerge from the _____ brainstem
Anterior (ventral)
CN IV emerges from the ____ brainstem
Dorsal
CN V and VII emerge from the ____ brainstem
Ventrolateral/anterolateral
CN IX, X and XI emerge from the _____ brainstem
Lateral
The ventral surface of the midbrain includes____
Optic tract and optic chiasm
The ____ protrude from each ventrolateral surface in the medulla
Olives
The ____ are on the ventral aspect of the medulla
Pyramidal decussation
The reticular formation is divided up into 3 zones: ___, ___, ___
Midline raphe and paramedian zone
Medial reticular zone
Lateral reticular zone
Which reticular formation zone makes up 2/3 of the tegmentum?
Medial reticular zone
What are the functions of the reticular formation
- Modulates awareness and controls level of alertness
- Maintains homeostatic state
- Participates in regulation
Lesions of the midbrain and diencephalon RF can cause ___
Coma
Lesions to the pontine RF result in ____
Constant wakefulness
