Mod 6 Flashcards
What connects the 2 thalami
Interthalamic adhesion
What are the functions of the thalamus
- Central relay center for sensory data
- Integrates sensorimotor information
- Role in cognition and language behavior
What two types can the thalamus be divided into?
- Relay (specific)
2. Diffuse (no specific)
Lesions to the thalamus can lead to ______ symptoms that include _____and ____.
- Aphasic symptoms
- Anomia
- Paraphasia
The diencephalon includes
- Thalamus
- Sub-thalamus
- Hypothalamus
- Epithalamus
The relay nuclei lie mainly in the _____ thalamus
Lateral
The diffuse (non-specific) thalamus receive input from ____, ___, and ____
Brainstem reticular formation (RF)
other thalamic nuclei
Basal forebrain
Which thalamic nuclei is related functionally to the limbic system
Anterior nucleus
____ nucleus projects to the cingulate gurus
Anterior
The anterior nucleus mediates
Affective, emotional and visceral information
True or false: the reticular nucleus is related to the B.S R.F
False, not related
The reticular nucleus receives input from axon collateral of:
Thalamocortical fibers (specific and diffuses) Corticothalamus fibers (specific and diffuse)
The ___ nucleus is located at the rostral end of the thalamus
Anterior
Which of the following does not project to the cortex:
Anterior nucleus
Reticular nucleus
Intralaminar nucleus
Reticular
What is the role of the reticular nucleus
Regulate the level of activity of thalamic neurons –> indirectly influencing the cerebral cortex
Which thalamic nucleus has a role in pain perception?
Intralaminar
The intralaminar nucleus modulates
Excitability/arousal of neurons related to the sensorimotor integration and cognitive behavior in BG and cerebral cortex
Which thalamic nucleus has extensive connections with other thalamic nuclei and with and prefrontal cortex and limbic systems
Dorsomedial nucleus
True or false: the dorsomedial nucleus receives primary in put from the amygdala
True
Where does the dorsomedial nucleus send output to?
Prefrontal lobes, especially frontal eye field (area 8)
The dorsomedial nucleus function
Intergrates visceral info with affect, emotions, thought processes and judgement. May regulate mood
Destruction of the _____ lowers threshold for rage
Dorsomedial nucleus
Lesions associated with memory loss and chronic alcoholism is known as _____
Korsakoff’s syndrome
The ____ constitutes the posterior portion of the thalamus
Pulvinar
The pulvinar is believed to make important contributions to
Language formulation, processing, lexical properties, reading and writing
Lesions to the pulvinar thalamus can cause
Aphasia, including naming disturbances (anomia) and fluency disorders
The ventral nuclear complex serves as the relay center for
Specific sensory and motor information
The Ventral anterior nucleus
Voluntary skilled movement via afferent connections with BG
Efferent connections with premotor cortex (area 6) and motor cortex (area 4)
True or false: Ventral lateral nucleus is a sensory relay nucleus
False: motor
Which ventral nucleus is important in regulation of volitional movements
Ventral lateral nucleus
The Ventral lateral nucleus receives afferents from the ___ and ____ and sends efferent to _____
Cerebellum and globus pallidus Motor cortex (area 4)
Dyskinesia results in
Lesions/disruptions in motor movements
Ventricular posterior nucleus includes
Ventral posteriorlateral nucleus and ventral posteromedial nucleus
The ventral posteriolateral nucleus is ____ relay nucleus
Sensory
Which ventral nucleus relays via internal capsule and corona radiata to the upper 2/3s of primary somesthetic cortex
Ventral posteriolateral nucleus
Which ventral nucleus receives sensations from the head and face? Via what nerve?
Ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM)
Trigeminal nerve
What does the thalamic syndrome do
Increases thresholds for sensations of pain, temperature, touch, pressure on side of body contralateral to lesion.
What is the thalamic relay center for vision
Lateral geniculate body
What is the thalamic relay center for audition
Medial geniculate body
The medial geniculate body sends efferent projections via the ___ through ___ and ___ to _____
Auditory radiation
Internal capsule
Corona radata
Heschl’s gyrus
The inhibitory neurotransmitters of the thalamus
GABA = gamma aminobutyric acid
- regulate leave of activity of thalamic nuclei
The excitatory neurotransmitter of the thalamus
Glutamate
The ____ consists of the pineal gland and habenular nucleus
Epithalamus
The subthalamus is functionally a part of ___
BG
Bidirectional connections to the globus pallidus
Contributions to motor behavior
What is the function of the hypothalamus
Regulates body functions
Control center for ANS
Body homeostasis
