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patho finals > MOD 7 > Flashcards

MOD 7 Flashcards

1
Q

liver inflammation

A

Hepatitis

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2
Q

viral hepatitis lasting < 6 months

A

ACUTE VIRAL HEPATITIS

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3
Q

Viral Hepatitis A and E

A

Acute

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4
Q

Viral Hepatitis B and D

A

Acute &
Chronic

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5
Q

Viral Hepatitis C

A

Chronic

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6
Q

Most Common Viral
Hepatitis Worldwide

A

Hepatitis A Virus

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7
Q

does HEPATITIS A VIRUS have Acute Symptoms ONLY, true or false?

A

true

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8
Q

HEPATITS E VIRUS

A

Very Similar to Hep A; But HIGH
MORTALITY in PREGNANCY

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9
Q

pathogenesis of hepatitis E virus

A

Virus is Directly Cytopathic to the Liver

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10
Q

transmission via parenteral route or
equivalent

A

Hepatitis B Virus

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11
Q

occurs during 3rd trimester or early
post-partum

A

vertical transmission

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12
Q

HBsAg +ve, HBeAg +ve mothers

A

90% of infants affected

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13
Q

HBsAg +ve, anti-HBe +ve mothers

A

10-15% affected

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14
Q

Surface Antigen

A

HBsAg

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15
Q

E antigen (a component of HBV
core); marker of viral replication

A

HBeAg

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16
Q

Core Antigen( cannot be meassured in serum )

A

HBcAg

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17
Q

Both HBsAg and HBeAg

A

are present during acute hepatitis B

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18
Q

Anti-HBs follows HBsAg clearance

A

and confers long term immunity

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19
Q

Anti-HBe and anti-HBc appear during the
acute and chronic phases of the illness

A

but do not provide immunity

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20
Q

Transmission is chiefly parenteral

A

Hepatitis C Virus

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21
Q

most
common cause of post-transfusion
hepatitis

A

HCV

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22
Q

infectious only in the presence of HBV
because HBV surface antigens are required
for replication

A

Hepatitis D Virus

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23
Q

2 patterns of transmission
of HDV

A

o nonparenteral transmission by close
personal contact in endemic areas
(Mediterranean)
o transmission by blood products in
non-endemic areas (IV drugs, blood
transfusions)

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24
Q

Types of infection of HDV

A

o coinfection: simultaneous HBV and
HDV infection
o superinfection: appears as clinical
exacerbation in a chronic HBV
patient

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25
Q
  • fecal-oral transmission occurring in
    epidemics in Asia, Africa, Central America
  • most have mild disease, but in 3rd trimester
    of pregnancy 10-20% have fulminant liver
    failure
A

Hepatitis E Virus

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26
Q

metabolized by hepatic cytochrome P450
system

A

Acetaminophen

27
Q

Cholestasis in 1% after 4 weeks; often with
fever, rash, jaundice, pruritus and
eosinophilia

A

Chlorpromazine

28
Q

20% develop elevated transaminases but <
1% develop clinically significant disease
- susceptibility to injury increases with age

A

INH

29
Q

May rarely cause cirrhosis, especially in the
presence of obesity, diabetes, alcoholism
- Scarring develops without symptoms or
changes in liver enzymes, therefore biopsy
may be needed in long-term treatment

A

Methotrexate

30
Q

can cause same histology and clinical
outcome as alcoholic hepatitis

A

Amiodarone

31
Q

Imbalance of cholesterol and its solubilizing
agents, bile salts and lecithin concentrations

A

Cholelithiasis

32
Q

(80%) = mixed (> 70%
cholesterol by weight), radiolucent
o risk factors
▪ female, fat, fertile, forties
▪ North American First Nations
peoples have highest
incidence
▪ diabetes mellitus (DM),
pancreatitis
▪ malabsorption, terminal ileal
resection or disease (e.g.
inflammatory bowel diseases

A

Cholesterol

33
Q

(20%), may be radioopaque

A

pigment stones

34
Q

composed of unconjugated
bilirubin, calcium, bile acids

A

smooth green/black to brown pigment stones

35
Q

associated with cirrhosis,
chronic hemolytic states

A

black pigment stones

36
Q

associated with bile
stasis, (biliary
strictures, dilatation
and biliary infection
(Clonorchis sinensis)

A

calcium bilirubinate stones

37
Q
  • Inflammation of gallbladder resulting from
    sustained obstruction of cystic duct by
    gallstone (80%)
  • No cholelithiasis in 20% (acalculous)
A

acute cholecystitis

38
Q

sudden cessation of
inspiration with deep RUQ
palpation

A

Murphy’s Sign

39
Q

Inflammation of the Stomach Lining

A

Gastritis

40
Q

Most common bacteria in chronic gastritis

A

Helicobacter Pylori
(Most Common)

41
Q
  • inc. Attack (Hyperacidity, Zollinger Ellison
    Syndrome) Or
  • dec Defense (**H.Pylori, Stress, Drugs
    [NSAIDs & Corticosteroids], Smoking)
A

peptic ulcer disease

42
Q

Autodigestion of Pancreas > Reversible
Inflammation > +/- Necrosis
- Can lead to Systemic Inflammatory
Response Syndrome
o > Shock
o > Acute Renal Failure
o > Acute Respiratory Distress
Syndrome

A

acute pancreatis

43
Q

Etiology of pancreatis

A

50% - Gallstones (Cholelithiasis) >
Ampulla/Common Bile Duct Obstruction
- 40% - Alcohol Abuse
- 10% Infections/Metabolic

44
Q

o Produces Toxins:
o Travelers Diarrhea

A

Enterotoxigenic E. coli

45
Q

o Active Intestinal
Invasion/Destruction
o Traveller͛s Dysentery

A

Enteroinvasive E. coli

46
Q

Sporadic disease in babies and
children

A

Enteropathogenic E. coli

47
Q

The Serious One:
o Produce Verotoxin > Destroys
Platelets & RBCs > HEMOLYTICUREMIC SYNDROME > Kidney Failure
+ Bleeding + Dysentery

A

Entero-Hemorrhagic E. coli

48
Q

-food poisoning
Onset Within 4hrs
o *Vomiting, *Stomach Cramps,
Diarrhea

A

TOXIGENIC DIARRHEA

49
Q

Pathogenesis:
- > Dysentery
- Can cause Septicemia
- Also, Fever - rose spots - delirium -
perforation of bowel

A

SALMONELLA; TYPHOID͟

50
Q

bacteria in poor food handling

A

staph aureus

51
Q

bacteria in cereal

A

Bacillus Cereus

52
Q

Risk to Pregnant Women & Immunocompromised

A

Listeriosis

53
Q

Profuse Rice-Water Stools

A

CHOLERA

54
Q

Adult Diarrhea

A

Norovirus (80%)

55
Q

Diarrhea in children <3 years old

A

rotavirus

56
Q

transmission of cholera

A

oral-fecal transmission

57
Q

The passage of infrequent or hard stools
with straining

A

Constipation

58
Q

Fecal-Oral - (Ingestion of Dormant Cysts in
Contaminated Food/Water)

A

PARASITIC GUT INFECTIONS
(Protozoa & Helminths)

59
Q

Not Toxigenic; Rather, it covers the brush
border > Malabsorption

A

Giardia

60
Q

Ingestion of oocysts (Contaminated
Drinking Water/Public Pools)
- Can survive Chlorination

A

CRYPTOSPORIDIUM

61
Q

Ingestion of oocysts (Fecal Oral)

A

ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA
(The Amoebic Dysentery)

62
Q

clinically significant helminths are “soil
transmitted”

A

HELMINTHIC INFECTIONS

63
Q

Infection via swallowing infected eggs

A

a. Ascaris lumbricoides (roundworm)
b. Trichuris trichiura (whipworm)

64
Q

Infection via Active skin penetration

A

a. Strongyloides stercoralis (threadworm)
b. Ancylostoma duodenale (hookworm)

patho finals (5 decks)

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