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patho finals > MOD 7 > Flashcards

MOD 7 Flashcards

1
Q

liver inflammation

A

Hepatitis

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2
Q

viral hepatitis lasting < 6 months

A

ACUTE VIRAL HEPATITIS

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3
Q

Viral Hepatitis A and E

A

Acute

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4
Q

Viral Hepatitis B and D

A

Acute &
Chronic

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5
Q

Viral Hepatitis C

A

Chronic

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6
Q

Most Common Viral
Hepatitis Worldwide

A

Hepatitis A Virus

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7
Q

does HEPATITIS A VIRUS have Acute Symptoms ONLY, true or false?

A

true

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8
Q

HEPATITS E VIRUS

A

Very Similar to Hep A; But HIGH
MORTALITY in PREGNANCY

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9
Q

pathogenesis of hepatitis E virus

A

Virus is Directly Cytopathic to the Liver

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10
Q

transmission via parenteral route or
equivalent

A

Hepatitis B Virus

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11
Q

occurs during 3rd trimester or early
post-partum

A

vertical transmission

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12
Q

HBsAg +ve, HBeAg +ve mothers

A

90% of infants affected

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13
Q

HBsAg +ve, anti-HBe +ve mothers

A

10-15% affected

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14
Q

Surface Antigen

A

HBsAg

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15
Q

E antigen (a component of HBV
core); marker of viral replication

A

HBeAg

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16
Q

Core Antigen( cannot be meassured in serum )

A

HBcAg

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17
Q

Both HBsAg and HBeAg

A

are present during acute hepatitis B

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18
Q

Anti-HBs follows HBsAg clearance

A

and confers long term immunity

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19
Q

Anti-HBe and anti-HBc appear during the
acute and chronic phases of the illness

A

but do not provide immunity

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20
Q

Transmission is chiefly parenteral

A

Hepatitis C Virus

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21
Q

most
common cause of post-transfusion
hepatitis

A

HCV

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22
Q

infectious only in the presence of HBV
because HBV surface antigens are required
for replication

A

Hepatitis D Virus

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23
Q

2 patterns of transmission
of HDV

A

o nonparenteral transmission by close
personal contact in endemic areas
(Mediterranean)
o transmission by blood products in
non-endemic areas (IV drugs, blood
transfusions)

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24
Q

Types of infection of HDV

A

o coinfection: simultaneous HBV and
HDV infection
o superinfection: appears as clinical
exacerbation in a chronic HBV
patient

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25
- fecal-oral transmission occurring in epidemics in Asia, Africa, Central America - most have mild disease, but in 3rd trimester of pregnancy 10-20% have fulminant liver failure
Hepatitis E Virus
26
metabolized by hepatic cytochrome P450 system
Acetaminophen
27
Cholestasis in 1% after 4 weeks; often with fever, rash, jaundice, pruritus and eosinophilia
Chlorpromazine
28
20% develop elevated transaminases but < 1% develop clinically significant disease - susceptibility to injury increases with age
INH
29
May rarely cause cirrhosis, especially in the presence of obesity, diabetes, alcoholism - Scarring develops without symptoms or changes in liver enzymes, therefore biopsy may be needed in long-term treatment
Methotrexate
30
can cause same histology and clinical outcome as alcoholic hepatitis
Amiodarone
31
Imbalance of cholesterol and its solubilizing agents, bile salts and lecithin concentrations
Cholelithiasis
32
(80%) = mixed (> 70% cholesterol by weight), radiolucent o risk factors ▪ female, fat, fertile, forties ▪ North American First Nations peoples have highest incidence ▪ diabetes mellitus (DM), pancreatitis ▪ malabsorption, terminal ileal resection or disease (e.g. inflammatory bowel diseases
Cholesterol
33
(20%), may be radioopaque
pigment stones
34
composed of unconjugated bilirubin, calcium, bile acids
smooth green/black to brown pigment stones
35
associated with cirrhosis, chronic hemolytic states
black pigment stones
36
associated with bile stasis, (biliary strictures, dilatation and biliary infection (Clonorchis sinensis)
calcium bilirubinate stones
37
- Inflammation of gallbladder resulting from sustained obstruction of cystic duct by gallstone (80%) - No cholelithiasis in 20% (acalculous)
acute cholecystitis
38
sudden cessation of inspiration with deep RUQ palpation
Murphy's Sign
39
Inflammation of the Stomach Lining
Gastritis
40
Most common bacteria in chronic gastritis
Helicobacter Pylori (Most Common)
41
- inc. Attack (Hyperacidity, Zollinger Ellison Syndrome) Or - dec Defense (**H.Pylori, Stress, Drugs [NSAIDs & Corticosteroids], Smoking)
peptic ulcer disease
42
Autodigestion of Pancreas > Reversible Inflammation > +/- Necrosis - Can lead to Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome o > Shock o > Acute Renal Failure o > Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
acute pancreatis
43
Etiology of pancreatis
50% - Gallstones (Cholelithiasis) > Ampulla/Common Bile Duct Obstruction - 40% - Alcohol Abuse - 10% Infections/Metabolic
44
o Produces Toxins: o Travelers Diarrhea
Enterotoxigenic E. coli
45
o Active Intestinal Invasion/Destruction o Traveller͛s Dysentery
Enteroinvasive E. coli
46
Sporadic disease in babies and children
Enteropathogenic E. coli
47
The Serious One: o Produce Verotoxin > Destroys Platelets & RBCs > HEMOLYTICUREMIC SYNDROME > Kidney Failure + Bleeding + Dysentery
Entero-Hemorrhagic E. coli
48
-food poisoning Onset Within 4hrs o *Vomiting, *Stomach Cramps, Diarrhea
TOXIGENIC DIARRHEA
49
Pathogenesis: - > Dysentery - Can cause Septicemia - Also, Fever - rose spots - delirium - perforation of bowel
SALMONELLA; TYPHOID͟
50
bacteria in poor food handling
staph aureus
51
bacteria in cereal
Bacillus Cereus
52
Risk to Pregnant Women & Immunocompromised
Listeriosis
53
Profuse Rice-Water Stools
CHOLERA
54
Adult Diarrhea
Norovirus (80%)
55
Diarrhea in children <3 years old
rotavirus
56
transmission of cholera
oral-fecal transmission
57
The passage of infrequent or hard stools with straining
Constipation
58
Fecal-Oral - (Ingestion of Dormant Cysts in Contaminated Food/Water)
PARASITIC GUT INFECTIONS (Protozoa & Helminths)
59
Not Toxigenic; Rather, it covers the brush border > Malabsorption
Giardia
60
Ingestion of oocysts (Contaminated Drinking Water/Public Pools) - Can survive Chlorination
CRYPTOSPORIDIUM
61
Ingestion of oocysts (Fecal Oral)
ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA (The Amoebic Dysentery)
62
clinically significant helminths are “soil transmitted”
HELMINTHIC INFECTIONS
63
Infection via swallowing infected eggs
a. Ascaris lumbricoides (roundworm) b. Trichuris trichiura (whipworm)
64
Infection via Active skin penetration
a. Strongyloides stercoralis (threadworm) b. Ancylostoma duodenale (hookworm)

patho finals (5 decks)

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