Mod 6 Flashcards
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ took the first Intraoral radiograph A-Rollins B-roentgen C-Kells D-walkhoff
D- walkhoff
\_\_\_\_\_\_ was a professor of physics,and discovered x-rays A-roentgen B-walkhoff C-Kells D-rollins
A- roentgen
______ rays are rays that travel in straight lines and give off a green glow
A- light B- ultrasonic
C-cathode D-sound
C-cathode
The loss of a electron is called? A-isotope. B-atomic C-radiation D-ionization
D-ionization
All of the following are examples of electromagnet radiation except?
A-microwaves. B-x-rays
C-gamma rays. D-Beta rays
D-beta rays
The open ended tube,commonly referred to as the cone,is called? A-radiation absorbed dose (rad) B-position indicator device ( pid) C-maximum permissible dose (mpd) D-roentgen equivalent man (rem)
B-position indicator device ( pid)
The \_\_\_\_\_\_ is a negative electrode that produces electrons A-PID B-tube head C-anode D-cathode
D-Cathode
The ____ is the part of the x-ray tube that directs the flow of x-ray,& is made of tungsten target?
A-cathode. B-anode
C-collimator. D-filter
B-anode
The sharpness or definition of radiograph is determined by the? A-focal spot. B-electric circuit C-cathode D-andode
A- focal spot
The ____ is the possitive electrode that sits opposite the cathode within the x-ray tube?
A- tungsten. B-focal point
C-cathode filter. D-andode
D-andode
The electric current flows through the filament circuit, and heats the?
A-cathode filament B-focal point
C-Coolidge. D-tungsten target
A-cathode filament
Thermionic emission is created by a? A-Filament wire heated to incandescence B-vaccume within the tube C- high voltage current D- stream of electrons
A-filament wire heated to incandescence
With in the x ray machine,the direction of the electric current flows from the ?
A-andode to the cathode. B- electric circuit to the cathode
C-filament of the cathode to the target of the anode
D-target of the anode to the filament of the wire
C-filament of the cathode to the target of the anode
____ radiation is the central beam that comes from the x ray tube head
A-scatter. B-primary
C-secondary. D-leakage
B- primary
___ radiation is formed when primary x ray strides or comes in contact with matter
A-secondary. B- primary
C-leakage. D-scatter
A- secondary
\_\_\_\_radiation is deflected from its path as it strikes matter? A-scatter B-primary C-leakage D- secondary
A-scatter
____ radiation is formed when radiation escapes in all directions from the tube or tube head?
A- leakage. B- primary
C-secondary. D- scatter
A- leakage
The two factors involved that determine the damage incurred from radiation exposure are?
A- dose rate and area exposed. B-dosage & location
C- exposure and tissue location
D-dose rate and quantity
A-dose rate and area exposed
The \_\_\_\_ cell has the greatest sensitivity to radiation ? A-lymphocyte B-muscle C-bone D-nerve
A-lymphocyte
Radiation that escapes or leaks out of the tube head is
Leakage radiation
A unit of measurement used to determine the amount of electrical current; 1 mA is equal to 1/1,000 of an ampere
Milliampere (mA)
Small bundle of pure energy that has no mass or weight is
Photon
Initial radiation produced at the tungsten target that exits the tube head is
Primary radiation
A recorded image on photographic film is
Radiograph
Dark portions of a radiograph that represents soft tissues (for example, dental pulp) that allows x-rays to pass through; space and air also radiolucent
Radiolucent areas
Light or white portions of a radiograph that represent areas of dense tissue that absorb x-rays, not allowing them to pass through; examples include enamel, dentin, bone, and various restorations
Radiopaque areas
A form of secondary radiation that occurs once the primary beam has interacted with matter and then is deflected in a different direction
Scatter radiation
Occurs when the primary beam comes in contact with and passes through any type of matter
Secondary radiation
Portion of the anode struck by electrons (focal spot)
Tungsten target
Distance between the Crests or high point of the radiation waves
Wavelength
High energy ionizing electro-magnetic radiation
X-radiation (x-ray)
Machine that automatically processes film through each stage of the developing process
Automatic processor
Device used to position the primary beam by aligning the position-indicating device
Beam alignment device
Used to hold extraoral film during exposure
Cassette
Profile of the head and face showing both bone and soft tissue
Cephalometric radiograph
A device used to stabilize the film in the patients mouth
Dental film holder
Film used specifically for duplicating or copying existing radiographs
Duplicating film
A coating on the film that gives in greater sensitivity to radiation
Emulsion
Film designed to be used outside of the mouth during x-ray exposure
Extraoral film
The term used to describe the film packet an it’s components prior to in being developed or processed
Film
Establishes the amount of radiation and time needed to expose a film
Film speed
Assertions of chemical steps that convert a film into a radiograph
Film processing
Film designed to be used in the mouth during x-ray exposure
Intraoral film
A devic used in s cassette that converts x-ray energy into light, which causes a decrease in the amount of time needed to expose film
Intensifying screen
Intraoral film used to examine large areas of the upper and lower jaws
Occlusal film
An invisible image that is in the emulsion of the film after exposure to radiation and prior to developing
Latent image
A film after it has been exposed to x-rays and developed to show images on a film
Radiograph
An extraoral film that shows a wide view of both upper and lower jaws on one radiograph
Panoramic radiograph
Radiation trauma that causes changes to the ____ cells will affect future generations in anomalies or birth defects.
A. Somatic. B. bone
C. Nerve. D. Genetic ***
The _____ cell has the greatest sensitivity to radiation.
A. Lymphocyte *** B. muscle
C. Bone. D. Nerve
The _____ equals the amount of radiation that will ionize one cubic centimeter of air.
A. Sv
B. C/kg **
C. Gy
D. Rad
Dental radiograph procedures expose critical organs like the skin; lining of the gut and mouth; eye lens; bone marrow; and _____ to radiation
A. Embryonic cell
B. epidermis cell
C. Thyroid gland
D. Reproductive cell *****
The maximum permissible dose of radiation exposure for each member of the dental staff must not exceed ____ per year
A. 7 rem
B. 5 rem **
C. 4 rem
D. 6 rem
The dose to which body tissues are exposed, measured in terms of its estimated biological effects, is the:
A. R
B. Sv **
C. mr.
D. Gy.
The _____ is a lead disk that limits the size of the x-ray beam to 2.75 inches in diameter.
A. Transformer
B. anode
C. Filter
D. Collimator **
The operator should use the _____ concept at all times when exposing radiation.
A. ALRAA
B. AALRA
C. ADAA
D. ALARA *****
Collimation reduces the amount of ______ radiation generated during exposure.
A. Leakage
B. primary
C. Secondary **
D. Scattered
The portion of the primary beam that is limited by the collimator inside the position-indicating device is known as the:
A. Secondary beam
B. long wavelength
C. Useful beam *****
D. Scatter beam
The aluminum material that is placed in the path of the beam of radiation to remove many soft rays or longer wavelengths that a undesirable is the:
A. Ionizing shield
B. collimator
C. Filter *****
D. Copper coil
An aluminum filter located In the x-ray unit functions to:
A. Limit the size of the x-ray beam
B. increase the intensity of the beam
C. Confine the focal spot of the primary beam
D. Eliminate unnecessary x-radiation of longer wavelengths.**
A film holding device utilized for the paralleling technique is the:
A. Snap-a-ray
B. patients finger
C. XCP **
D. Hemostat
The thyroid (lead) collar is used in the dental radiographic procedures to protect the patients:
A. Thyroid gland in the neck region ****
B. spleen and liver
C. Gonadal tissue
D. Digestive tissue
The purpose of the operators wearings monitor exposure badge is to :
A. Measure the amount of radiation the operator is receiving ***
B. measure the sievert within the x-ray room
C. Measure the roentgen the patient is receiving
D. Measure the speed of scattered radiation
The recommended position for the operator during x-radiation exposure is:
A. At a 45* angle from the central beam at the top of the head of the patient
B. at a 90* angle from The central beam at the side of the door
C. Behind a leaded door at a distance of at least 6 feet from the central beam **
D. Ata135* angle from the central beam at the side of the head of the patient
The factors that influence the production for x-rays and diagnostic quality of an x-ray film are exposure time and:
A. Filter and collimator.
B. primary and secondary radiation
C. Millisievert and sievert
D. Milliamperage (mA) and kilovoltage (kVp) ****
The monitoring badge is a device that measures how much radiation the ____ is receiving
A. Operator **
B. dental lab technician
C. Dentist
D. Patient
The measurement of electrical force that forces electors to move from the negative to the positive is called:
A. Voltage ****
B. milliamperage
C. Millivoltage
D. Amperage
The measurement of electrons moving through a conductor is called:
A. Voltage
B. millivoltage
C. Milliamperage
D. Amperage *****
____ is the most common setting for the Milliamperage
A. 70-90 mA
B. 20-40 mA
C. 10-15 mA *****
D. 30-50 mA
______ is the setting on the x-ray control panel that regulates the amount of electricity coming from the filament.
A. Millivoltage
B. voltage
C. Milliamperage **
D. Amperage
____ is the setting on the control panel that regulates the force with which the electrons move across the tube gap.
A. Kilovoltage (kVp) *****
B. voltage
C. Milliamperage
D. Amperage
The ____ setting controls the number x-rays produced.
A. Am
B. Cp
C. mA **
D. kV
_____is defined as the length of time electrons are pushed across the tube gap from the cathode to the anode.
A. mA time
B. kVp time
C. Exposure time *****
D. Hammer time
Electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths and high frequency equals ____energy.
A. Less
B. the same
C. More
D. Greater **
The dental enamel, dentin, and bone will look _____ on a radiograph.
A. Radioactive
B. radiolucent
C. Radius
D. Radiopaque *****
Exposure times are calculated infractions of a second,and referred to as:
A. Impulses. **
B. time intervals
C. Exposure time intervals
D. Time impulses
The mA, exposure time, and the kVp are all factors that will determine the _____ of a radiograph.
A. Translucency
B. surrounding areas
C. Density *****
D. Focused area
_____ are areas that appear Dark on a radiograph that allow x-rays to pass through
A. Radius
B. radiolucent ****
C. Radiopaque
D. Radioactive
One benefit to using dental film holders is ____ patients exposure to radiation.
A. Increased
B. prolonged
C. Lowered *****
D. Eliminated
If the operator increases the exposure time, The film will appear:
A. Lighter
B. translucent
C. Darker *****
D. With no change
There are several types of film holders available, including Styraphome, Stabe, bite-block, _______, EEZEE grip, uni-bite, and EndoRay
A. CPX
B. XPC
C. XCP ***
D. PXC
While using a dental film holder, the patients exposure to radiation is reduced by eliminating the use of a finer to hold the film, reducing patient movement, reducing the need for retakes, and accurately aligning the ____ with the primary beam
A. PID. ***
B. yoke
C. Cathode
D. Coolidge tube
The components of a film packet are vinyl or paper covering, black paper, ____, and film base.
A. Aluminum foil.
B. silver foil
C. Gold leaf foil
D. Lead foil ***
A/n —- is an exposed, developed, or processed film.
A. Panoramic
B. radioigraph ****
C. Cathode
D. X-ray
The type of film placed directly into the mouth for exposure is called a/n _____ film
A. Duplicating
B. cephalometric
C. Extraoral
D. Intraoral***
The ______ image is invisible and dormant, and stored on the film.
A. Translucent
B. transparent
C. Latent ***
D. Herringbone
The_____ found in a panoramic and cephalometric film cassette converts x-rays into visible light, and assists in a faster film exposure
A. Radiograph
B. lead foil
C. Film
D. Intensifying screen****
The two most common extraoral films used to investigate the jaws and skull are the cephalometric and the _____ film.
A. Periapical
B. bitewing
C. Duplicating
D. Panoramic****
The winged flare of the nostril
Ala
Should a patientneedto take her x-rays to a specialist, the dental assistant would utilize a _____ in producing an identical x-ray to give to the patient,
A) Duplication film
B. paper copying machine
C. Fax machine
D. Xerox film***
Duplicating film is accomplished by? A-calling pt. back to office for another film B- re-exposing the pt. to radiation C- taking 2 films of same area D- use duplicate unit
D- use duplicate unit
Film \_\_\_\_ can b caused by expired film A- fogging B- bending C- darkening D- distorting
A- fogging
The size of silver halide crystal,thickness of emulsion, and radio sensitive dyes determines the film ___ ?
A- processing. B- density
C- speed. D- quality
C-speed
What is the fastest speed for film? A-D- speed B-A-speed C-E-speed D-F-speed
D- F-speed
To produce a film into a radiograph you must take it through phases ,this is called what?
A- film pathway. B - an x-ray
C-film containment D- film processing
D- film processing
The safe light in dark room must be at least __ ft away from working surface during processing?
A-4. B-5. C-2. D-3
A-4
The 3 types of processing solution available are liquid concentrate,powder ,and____ ?
A- ready to use liquid B- solid dilution
C- gelatin formula. D- freeze dried
A-ready to use liquid
The ideal developing temp. During the manual processing procedure for radiographic film is ?
A-64 degrees. B-72 degrees
C- 70 degrees. D-68 degrees
D-69 degrees
The floating- type thermometer is placed in the ___ and should b periodically checked for radioigraphic processing?
A-developer. B-darkroom
C- fixer. D- water
A-developer
The chemicals used to process films should be changed aprox every__ weeks?
A- 3-4. B-2-3. C-4-6. D -5-7
A-3-4
The processing tanks must have a ____ to prevent the film from light exposure & evaporation of chemicals ?
A-metal lid. B-overflow pipe
C-glass opening. D-screen
A- metal lid
The quality control assurance of the chemistry is preformed daily by utilizing a ___ film?
C-test
What steps are used to process film manually?
Place film in developer - rinse film- Place into fixer-
Wash film the dry it
When processing film in higher temps the time then?
A-is the same. B- increased
C-decreased. D- longer
C- decreased
Automatic film processing has advantages that include
A- less time in darkroom.
B- manually place in dryer after process
C-automatic developing and manual fixing
D- automatic developing and fixing & manual rinsing
A- less time in darkroom
Line the runs from the winged flare of the nostril (ala) to the opening of the ear ( Tragus) is called what
Ala-tragus line
A forward backward plane that is aligned with a specific landmark is?
Anterioposterior Plane
A protective film holding container with 2 intensifying screens is called what
Cassette
Without teeth is called
Endentulous
What are x-rays taken outside the mouth called
Extraoral radiograph
A horizontal line from the upper margin of the ear to the lower margin of the eye orbit is called what
Frankfort plane
Screens used to expose sheet film to light when activated by radiation is called what
Intensifying screens
From the side is called what
Lateral
A horizontal line perpendicular (at right angle) to floor. This line devides the body into 2 equal parts. Right and left is called what
Midsagittal plane
A image of both maxallary and mandibular arches are called what
Panoramic radiograph Pano
Method of exposing radiographs in which the PID & x-ray beam are directed perpendicular at 90 degrees to imaginary line that equally bisects the angle created by long axis of the tooth and film is called what
Bisecting angle techinique
Radiograph used primarily to examine the interproximal surfaces of the teeth is called what
Bitewing radiograph
A error created when only a part of a image is seen on a radiograph due to improper alignment of the PID of the film
Cone cut
Insufficient vertical angulation the PID to film is called what
Elongation
Excessive vertical angulation of the PID to the film is called what
Foreshortening
Proper alignment of the PID in a size to side or back n forth direction is called what
Horizontal angulation
Between two adjacent surfaces next to each other in the same arch is called what
Interproximal
