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Dental > Mod 6 > Flashcards

Mod 6 Flashcards

0
Q 
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ took the first Intraoral  radiograph 
A-Rollins 
B-roentgen
C-Kells 
D-walkhoff
A

D- walkhoff

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1
Q 
\_\_\_\_\_\_ was a professor of physics,and discovered x-rays
A-roentgen
B-walkhoff
C-Kells
D-rollins
A

A- roentgen

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2
Q

______ rays are rays that travel in straight lines and give off a green glow
A- light B- ultrasonic
C-cathode D-sound

A

C-cathode

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3
Q 
The loss of a electron is called?
A-isotope. 
B-atomic
C-radiation 
D-ionization
A

D-ionization

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4
Q

All of the following are examples of electromagnet radiation except?
A-microwaves. B-x-rays
C-gamma rays. D-Beta rays

A

D-beta rays

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5
Q 
The open ended tube,commonly referred to as the cone,is called?
A-radiation absorbed dose (rad)
B-position indicator device ( pid)
C-maximum permissible dose (mpd)
D-roentgen equivalent man (rem)
A

B-position indicator device ( pid)

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6
Q 
The \_\_\_\_\_\_ is a negative electrode that produces electrons
A-PID
B-tube head
C-anode
D-cathode
A

D-Cathode

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7
Q

The ____ is the part of the x-ray tube that directs the flow of x-ray,& is made of tungsten target?
A-cathode. B-anode
C-collimator. D-filter

A

B-anode

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8
Q 
The sharpness or definition of radiograph is determined by the?
A-focal spot.        
B-electric circuit
C-cathode
D-andode
A

A- focal spot

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9
Q

The ____ is the possitive electrode that sits opposite the cathode within the x-ray tube?
A- tungsten. B-focal point
C-cathode filter. D-andode

A

D-andode

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10
Q

The electric current flows through the filament circuit, and heats the?
A-cathode filament B-focal point
C-Coolidge. D-tungsten target

A

A-cathode filament

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11
Q 
Thermionic emission is created by a?
A-Filament wire heated to incandescence 
B-vaccume within the tube
C- high voltage current
D- stream of electrons
A

A-filament wire heated to incandescence

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12
Q

With in the x ray machine,the direction of the electric current flows from the ?
A-andode to the cathode. B- electric circuit to the cathode
C-filament of the cathode to the target of the anode
D-target of the anode to the filament of the wire

A

C-filament of the cathode to the target of the anode

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13
Q

____ radiation is the central beam that comes from the x ray tube head
A-scatter. B-primary
C-secondary. D-leakage

A

B- primary

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14
Q

___ radiation is formed when primary x ray strides or comes in contact with matter
A-secondary. B- primary
C-leakage. D-scatter

A

A- secondary

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15
Q 
\_\_\_\_radiation is deflected from its path as it strikes matter?
A-scatter
B-primary
C-leakage
 D- secondary
A

A-scatter

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16
Q

____ radiation is formed when radiation escapes in all directions from the tube or tube head?
A- leakage. B- primary
C-secondary. D- scatter

A

A- leakage

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17
Q

The two factors involved that determine the damage incurred from radiation exposure are?
A- dose rate and area exposed. B-dosage & location
C- exposure and tissue location
D-dose rate and quantity

A

A-dose rate and area exposed

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18
Q 
The \_\_\_\_ cell has the greatest sensitivity to radiation ?
A-lymphocyte
B-muscle 
C-bone
D-nerve
A

A-lymphocyte

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19
Q

Radiation that escapes or leaks out of the tube head is

A

Leakage radiation

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20
Q

A unit of measurement used to determine the amount of electrical current; 1 mA is equal to 1/1,000 of an ampere

A

Milliampere (mA)

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21
Q

Small bundle of pure energy that has no mass or weight is

A

Photon

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22
Q

Initial radiation produced at the tungsten target that exits the tube head is

A

Primary radiation

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23
Q

A recorded image on photographic film is

A

Radiograph

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24
Q

Dark portions of a radiograph that represents soft tissues (for example, dental pulp) that allows x-rays to pass through; space and air also radiolucent

A

Radiolucent areas

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25
Q

Light or white portions of a radiograph that represent areas of dense tissue that absorb x-rays, not allowing them to pass through; examples include enamel, dentin, bone, and various restorations

A

Radiopaque areas

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26
Q

A form of secondary radiation that occurs once the primary beam has interacted with matter and then is deflected in a different direction

A

Scatter radiation

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27
Q

Occurs when the primary beam comes in contact with and passes through any type of matter

A

Secondary radiation

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28
Q

Portion of the anode struck by electrons (focal spot)

A

Tungsten target

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29
Q

Distance between the Crests or high point of the radiation waves

A

Wavelength

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30
Q

High energy ionizing electro-magnetic radiation

A

X-radiation (x-ray)

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31
Q

Machine that automatically processes film through each stage of the developing process

A

Automatic processor

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32
Q

Device used to position the primary beam by aligning the position-indicating device

A

Beam alignment device

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33
Q

Used to hold extraoral film during exposure

A

Cassette

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34
Q

Profile of the head and face showing both bone and soft tissue

A

Cephalometric radiograph

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35
Q

A device used to stabilize the film in the patients mouth

A

Dental film holder

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36
Q

Film used specifically for duplicating or copying existing radiographs

A

Duplicating film

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37
Q

A coating on the film that gives in greater sensitivity to radiation

A

Emulsion

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38
Q

Film designed to be used outside of the mouth during x-ray exposure

A

Extraoral film

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39
Q

The term used to describe the film packet an it’s components prior to in being developed or processed

A

Film

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40
Q

Establishes the amount of radiation and time needed to expose a film

A

Film speed

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41
Q

Assertions of chemical steps that convert a film into a radiograph

A

Film processing

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42
Q

Film designed to be used in the mouth during x-ray exposure

A

Intraoral film

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43
Q

A devic used in s cassette that converts x-ray energy into light, which causes a decrease in the amount of time needed to expose film

A

Intensifying screen

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44
Q

Intraoral film used to examine large areas of the upper and lower jaws

A

Occlusal film

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45
Q

An invisible image that is in the emulsion of the film after exposure to radiation and prior to developing

A

Latent image

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46
Q

A film after it has been exposed to x-rays and developed to show images on a film

A

Radiograph

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47
Q

An extraoral film that shows a wide view of both upper and lower jaws on one radiograph

A

Panoramic radiograph

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48
Q

Radiation trauma that causes changes to the ____ cells will affect future generations in anomalies or birth defects.

A

A. Somatic. B. bone

C. Nerve. D. Genetic ***

49
Q

The _____ cell has the greatest sensitivity to radiation.

A

A. Lymphocyte *** B. muscle

C. Bone. D. Nerve

50
Q

The _____ equals the amount of radiation that will ionize one cubic centimeter of air.

A

A. Sv
B. C/kg **
C. Gy
D. Rad

51
Q

Dental radiograph procedures expose critical organs like the skin; lining of the gut and mouth; eye lens; bone marrow; and _____ to radiation

A

A. Embryonic cell
B. epidermis cell
C. Thyroid gland
D. Reproductive cell *****

52
Q

The maximum permissible dose of radiation exposure for each member of the dental staff must not exceed ____ per year

A

A. 7 rem
B. 5 rem **
C. 4 rem
D. 6 rem

53
Q

The dose to which body tissues are exposed, measured in terms of its estimated biological effects, is the:

A

A. R
B. Sv **
C. mr.
D. Gy.

54
Q

The _____ is a lead disk that limits the size of the x-ray beam to 2.75 inches in diameter.

A

A. Transformer
B. anode
C. Filter
D. Collimator **

55
Q

The operator should use the _____ concept at all times when exposing radiation.

A

A. ALRAA
B. AALRA
C. ADAA
D. ALARA *****

56
Q

Collimation reduces the amount of ______ radiation generated during exposure.

A

A. Leakage
B. primary
C. Secondary **
D. Scattered

57
Q

The portion of the primary beam that is limited by the collimator inside the position-indicating device is known as the:

A

A. Secondary beam
B. long wavelength
C. Useful beam *****
D. Scatter beam

58
Q

The aluminum material that is placed in the path of the beam of radiation to remove many soft rays or longer wavelengths that a undesirable is the:

A

A. Ionizing shield
B. collimator
C. Filter *****
D. Copper coil

59
Q

An aluminum filter located In the x-ray unit functions to:

A

A. Limit the size of the x-ray beam
B. increase the intensity of the beam
C. Confine the focal spot of the primary beam
D. Eliminate unnecessary x-radiation of longer wavelengths.**

60
Q

A film holding device utilized for the paralleling technique is the:

A

A. Snap-a-ray
B. patients finger
C. XCP **
D. Hemostat

61
Q

The thyroid (lead) collar is used in the dental radiographic procedures to protect the patients:

A

A. Thyroid gland in the neck region ****
B. spleen and liver
C. Gonadal tissue
D. Digestive tissue

62
Q

The purpose of the operators wearings monitor exposure badge is to :

A

A. Measure the amount of radiation the operator is receiving ***
B. measure the sievert within the x-ray room
C. Measure the roentgen the patient is receiving
D. Measure the speed of scattered radiation

63
Q

The recommended position for the operator during x-radiation exposure is:

A

A. At a 45* angle from the central beam at the top of the head of the patient
B. at a 90* angle from The central beam at the side of the door
C. Behind a leaded door at a distance of at least 6 feet from the central beam **
D. Ata135* angle from the central beam at the side of the head of the patient

64
Q

The factors that influence the production for x-rays and diagnostic quality of an x-ray film are exposure time and:

A

A. Filter and collimator.
B. primary and secondary radiation
C. Millisievert and sievert
D. Milliamperage (mA) and kilovoltage (kVp) ****

65
Q

The monitoring badge is a device that measures how much radiation the ____ is receiving

A

A. Operator **
B. dental lab technician
C. Dentist
D. Patient

66
Q

The measurement of electrical force that forces electors to move from the negative to the positive is called:

A

A. Voltage ****
B. milliamperage
C. Millivoltage
D. Amperage

67
Q

The measurement of electrons moving through a conductor is called:

A

A. Voltage
B. millivoltage
C. Milliamperage
D. Amperage *****

68
Q

____ is the most common setting for the Milliamperage

A

A. 70-90 mA
B. 20-40 mA
C. 10-15 mA *****
D. 30-50 mA

69
Q

______ is the setting on the x-ray control panel that regulates the amount of electricity coming from the filament.

A

A. Millivoltage
B. voltage
C. Milliamperage **
D. Amperage

70
Q

____ is the setting on the control panel that regulates the force with which the electrons move across the tube gap.

A

A. Kilovoltage (kVp) *****
B. voltage
C. Milliamperage
D. Amperage

71
Q

The ____ setting controls the number x-rays produced.

A

A. Am
B. Cp
C. mA **
D. kV

72
Q

_____is defined as the length of time electrons are pushed across the tube gap from the cathode to the anode.

A

A. mA time
B. kVp time
C. Exposure time *****
D. Hammer time

73
Q

Electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths and high frequency equals ____energy.

A

A. Less
B. the same
C. More
D. Greater **

74
Q

The dental enamel, dentin, and bone will look _____ on a radiograph.

A

A. Radioactive
B. radiolucent
C. Radius
D. Radiopaque *****

75
Q

Exposure times are calculated infractions of a second,and referred to as:

A

A. Impulses. **
B. time intervals
C. Exposure time intervals
D. Time impulses

76
Q

The mA, exposure time, and the kVp are all factors that will determine the _____ of a radiograph.

A

A. Translucency
B. surrounding areas
C. Density *****
D. Focused area

77
Q

_____ are areas that appear Dark on a radiograph that allow x-rays to pass through

A

A. Radius
B. radiolucent ****
C. Radiopaque
D. Radioactive

78
Q

One benefit to using dental film holders is ____ patients exposure to radiation.

A

A. Increased
B. prolonged
C. Lowered *****
D. Eliminated

79
Q

If the operator increases the exposure time, The film will appear:

A

A. Lighter
B. translucent
C. Darker *****
D. With no change

80
Q

There are several types of film holders available, including Styraphome, Stabe, bite-block, _______, EEZEE grip, uni-bite, and EndoRay

A

A. CPX
B. XPC
C. XCP ***
D. PXC

81
Q

While using a dental film holder, the patients exposure to radiation is reduced by eliminating the use of a finer to hold the film, reducing patient movement, reducing the need for retakes, and accurately aligning the ____ with the primary beam

A

A. PID. ***
B. yoke
C. Cathode
D. Coolidge tube

82
Q

The components of a film packet are vinyl or paper covering, black paper, ____, and film base.

A

A. Aluminum foil.
B. silver foil
C. Gold leaf foil
D. Lead foil ***

83
Q

A/n —- is an exposed, developed, or processed film.

A

A. Panoramic
B. radioigraph ****
C. Cathode
D. X-ray

84
Q

The type of film placed directly into the mouth for exposure is called a/n _____ film

A

A. Duplicating
B. cephalometric
C. Extraoral
D. Intraoral***

85
Q

The ______ image is invisible and dormant, and stored on the film.

A

A. Translucent
B. transparent
C. Latent ***
D. Herringbone

86
Q

The_____ found in a panoramic and cephalometric film cassette converts x-rays into visible light, and assists in a faster film exposure

A

A. Radiograph
B. lead foil
C. Film
D. Intensifying screen****

87
Q

The two most common extraoral films used to investigate the jaws and skull are the cephalometric and the _____ film.

A

A. Periapical
B. bitewing
C. Duplicating
D. Panoramic****

88
Q

The winged flare of the nostril

A

Ala

89
Q

Should a patientneedto take her x-rays to a specialist, the dental assistant would utilize a _____ in producing an identical x-ray to give to the patient,

A

A) Duplication film
B. paper copying machine
C. Fax machine
D. Xerox film***

90
Q 
Duplicating film is accomplished by?
A-calling pt. back to office for another film
B- re-exposing the pt. to radiation
C- taking 2 films of same area
D- use duplicate unit
A

D- use duplicate unit

91
Q 
Film \_\_\_\_ can b caused by expired film
A- fogging 
B- bending 
C- darkening 
D- distorting
A

A- fogging

92
Q

The size of silver halide crystal,thickness of emulsion, and radio sensitive dyes determines the film ___ ?
A- processing. B- density
C- speed. D- quality

A

C-speed

93
Q 
What is the fastest speed for film?
A-D- speed
B-A-speed
C-E-speed
D-F-speed
A

D- F-speed

94
Q

To produce a film into a radiograph you must take it through phases ,this is called what?
A- film pathway. B - an x-ray
C-film containment D- film processing

A

D- film processing

95
Q

The safe light in dark room must be at least __ ft away from working surface during processing?
A-4. B-5. C-2. D-3

A

A-4

96
Q

The 3 types of processing solution available are liquid concentrate,powder ,and____ ?
A- ready to use liquid B- solid dilution
C- gelatin formula. D- freeze dried

A

A-ready to use liquid

97
Q

The ideal developing temp. During the manual processing procedure for radiographic film is ?
A-64 degrees. B-72 degrees
C- 70 degrees. D-68 degrees

A

D-69 degrees

98
Q

The floating- type thermometer is placed in the ___ and should b periodically checked for radioigraphic processing?
A-developer. B-darkroom
C- fixer. D- water

A

A-developer

99
Q

The chemicals used to process films should be changed aprox every__ weeks?
A- 3-4. B-2-3. C-4-6. D -5-7

A

A-3-4

100
Q

The processing tanks must have a ____ to prevent the film from light exposure & evaporation of chemicals ?
A-metal lid. B-overflow pipe
C-glass opening. D-screen

A

A- metal lid

101
Q

The quality control assurance of the chemistry is preformed daily by utilizing a ___ film?

A

C-test

102
Q

What steps are used to process film manually?

A

Place film in developer - rinse film- Place into fixer-

Wash film the dry it

103
Q

When processing film in higher temps the time then?
A-is the same. B- increased
C-decreased. D- longer

A

C- decreased

104
Q

Automatic film processing has advantages that include
A- less time in darkroom.
B- manually place in dryer after process
C-automatic developing and manual fixing
D- automatic developing and fixing & manual rinsing

A

A- less time in darkroom

105
Q

Line the runs from the winged flare of the nostril (ala) to the opening of the ear ( Tragus) is called what

A

Ala-tragus line

106
Q

A forward backward plane that is aligned with a specific landmark is?

A

Anterioposterior Plane

107
Q

A protective film holding container with 2 intensifying screens is called what

A

Cassette

108
Q

Without teeth is called

A

Endentulous

109
Q

What are x-rays taken outside the mouth called

A

Extraoral radiograph

110
Q

A horizontal line from the upper margin of the ear to the lower margin of the eye orbit is called what

A

Frankfort plane

111
Q

Screens used to expose sheet film to light when activated by radiation is called what

A

Intensifying screens

112
Q

From the side is called what

A

Lateral

113
Q

A horizontal line perpendicular (at right angle) to floor. This line devides the body into 2 equal parts. Right and left is called what

A

Midsagittal plane

114
Q

A image of both maxallary and mandibular arches are called what

A

Panoramic radiograph Pano

115
Q

Method of exposing radiographs in which the PID & x-ray beam are directed perpendicular at 90 degrees to imaginary line that equally bisects the angle created by long axis of the tooth and film is called what

A

Bisecting angle techinique

116
Q

Radiograph used primarily to examine the interproximal surfaces of the teeth is called what

A

Bitewing radiograph

117
Q

A error created when only a part of a image is seen on a radiograph due to improper alignment of the PID of the film

A

Cone cut

118
Q

Insufficient vertical angulation the PID to film is called what

A

Elongation

119
Q

Excessive vertical angulation of the PID to the film is called what

A

Foreshortening

120
Q

Proper alignment of the PID in a size to side or back n forth direction is called what

A

Horizontal angulation

121
Q

Between two adjacent surfaces next to each other in the same arch is called what

A

Interproximal

Dental (3 decks)

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