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HIMS 1120 WE > Mod 5 Vocabulary > Flashcards

Mod 5 Vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

absorption

A

passage of materials through the walls of the small intestine into the blood stream.

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2
Q

amino acids

A

small building blocks of proteins, released when proteins are digested.

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3
Q

amylase

A

enzyme=(-ase) secreted by the pancreas and Salivary glands to digest starch=(amyl/o)

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4
Q

anus

A

terminal end of an opening of the digestive tract to the outside of the body.

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5
Q

appendix

A

blind pouch hanging from the cecum(in the RLQ). It literally means hanging=pend/o onto=ap-

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6
Q

bile

A

digestive juice made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder. It breaks up(emulsifies) large fat globules.

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7
Q

bilirubin

A

pigment released by the liver in bowel

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8
Q

bowel

A

intestine

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9
Q

canine teeth

A

pointed, dog-like teeth. Next to the incisors, also called cuspids or eyeteeth.

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10
Q

cecum

A

first part of the large intestine.

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11
Q

colon

A

portion of the large intestine consisting of the ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid segments.

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12
Q

common bile duct

A

carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum. Also called choledochus.

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13
Q

defecation

A

elimination of feces from the digestive tract through the anus

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14
Q

deglutition

A

swallowing

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15
Q

dentin

A

primary material found in teeth. It is covered by the enamel in the crown and a protective layer of cementum in the root.

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16
Q

digestion

A

breakdown of complex foods to simpler forms

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17
Q

duodenum

A

first part of the small intestines, duo=2, den=10. The duodenum is 12 in lonf=g.

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18
Q

elimination

A

removal of materials from the body in the digestive system, the removal of indigestible materials(feces)

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19
Q

emulsification

A

breaking up of large fat globules into smaller globules. This increases the surface area that enzymes can use to digest fat

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20
Q

enamel

A

hard, outermost layer of a tooth

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21
Q

enzyme

A

chemical that speeds up a reaction between substances. Digestive enzymes breakdown complex foods to simpler substances. Enzymes are given names that end in -ase.

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22
Q

esophagus

A

tube connecting the throat to the stomach. Eso- inward, phag/o swallowing

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23
Q

fatty acids

A

substances produced when fats are digested.

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24
Q

feces

A

solid waste, stool, the term fecal means pertaining to feces.

25
Q

gallbladder

A

small sac under the liver, stores bile.

26
Q

glucose

A

simple sugar

27
Q

glycogen

A

starch, glucose is stored in the form of glycogen in liver cells

28
Q

hydrochloric acid

A

substance(strong acid) produced in the stomach and aids in digestion

29
Q

ileum

A

third part of the small intestine from the Greek elios meaning twisted.

30
Q

incisor

A

anyone of the front four teeth in the dental arch

31
Q

insulin

A

hormone produced by the endocrine cells of the pancreas, it helps transport sugar into the body cells

32
Q

jejunum

A

second part of the small intestine. Latin jejunus means empty.

33
Q

lipase

A

pancreatic enzyme necessary to digest fats

34
Q

liver

A

large organ located in the RUQ of the abdomen. The liver secretes bile; stores sugar, iron, and vitamins; produces blood proteins; destroys worn-out red blood cells; and filters out toxins.

35
Q

lower esophageal sphincter(LES) (cardiac sphincter)

A

ring of muscles between the esophagus and the stomach.

36
Q

mastication

A

chewing

37
Q

molar teeth

A

3 large, flat teeth at the back of the mouth, on either side of the dental arch. Premolar teeth are 2 teeth before the molars.

38
Q

palate

A

roof of the mouth. The hard palate lies anterior to the soft palate and is supported by the upper jawbone(maxilla). The soft palate is posterior fleshy part between the mouth and the throat.

39
Q

pancreas

A

organ behind the stomach; produces insulin (for transport of sugar into cells) and enzymes (for digestion of foods)

40
Q

papillae

A

small projections on the tongue. Taste buds (taste receptors cells) are located w/in the papillae.

41
Q

parotid gland

A

salivary gland w/in the cheek, just another to the ear (par- near, ot/o=ear)

42
Q

peristalisis

A

rhythmic contractions of the tubular organs. In the gastrointestinal tract, peristalsis moves the contents through at different rates: stomach 0.5-2 hr, small intestins 2-6 hr, colon 6-72 hr. -stalsis=constriction

43
Q

pharynx

A

throat, the common passageway for food from the mouth and for air from the nose.

44
Q

portal vein

A

large vein bringing blood to their liver from the intestines.

45
Q

protease

A

enzyme that digests proteins

46
Q

pulp

A

soft tissue w/in a tooth, containing nerves and blood vessels.

47
Q

pyloric sphincter

A

ring of muscle at the end of the stomach, near the duodenum. From the Greek pyloros, meaning gatekeeper. It is normally closed, but opens when a wave of peristalsis passes.

48
Q

pylorus

A

distal region of the stomach, opening to the duodeneum.

49
Q

rectum

A

last section of the large intestines, connecting the end of the colon and the anus.

50
Q

ruage

A

ridges on the hard palate and the wall of the stomach.

51
Q

saliva

A

digestive juice produced by salivary glands. Salvia contains the enzyme amylase, which begins the digestion of starch and sugar.

52
Q

salivary glands

A

parotid, sublingual and submandibular glands.

53
Q

sigmoid colon

A

lower, s-shaped segment of the colon, just before the rectum; empties into the rectum.

54
Q

sphincter

A

circular ring of muscle that constricts passage or closes a natural opening.

55
Q

stomach

A

muscular organ that receives food from the esophagus. The stomach’s parts are the fundus (proximal section) body (middle section) antrum (distal section)

56
Q

triglycerides

A

fat molecules composed of three parts fatty acids and one part glycerol. Triglycerides(fats) are a subgroup of lipids.

57
Q

uvula

A

soft tissue hanging from the middle of the soft palate. The Latin uva means a bunch of grapes.

58
Q

villi(villus)

A

microscopic projections in the wall of small intestines that absorb nutrients into the blood stream.

HIMS 1120 WE (22 decks)

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