mod 5 Flashcards
1
Q
internal and external fertilisation
A
- fertilisation is the permanent fusion of the male and female gametes
- internal fertilisation occurs within the female after the male gamete has been introduced into the reproductive tract
- external fertilisation occurs when male and female gametes are each released from the body and meet externally.
- advantages of internal fertilisation include offspring having a higher chance of survival, offspring being able to absorb nutrients from the mother, a higher chance of the mother taking care of the offspring, not having a lot of eggs to release at once and hence not much energy needed. Disadvantages include longer growing period, and increased vulnerability when mother is pregnant.
- advantages of external fertilisation include less time required, increased genetic variation, . Disadvantages include offspring being vulnerable to predators, lots of wastage, and successful fertilization being less likely due to dependence on environmental conditions.
2
Q
runners
A
- side shoots that grow close to the ground and develop new plantlets on them, such as strawberries
3
Q
Asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction of plants can occur through:
A
- Asexual: Budding, fragmentation, runners and rhizomes
- Sexual: only occurs in flowering plants, and involves pollination
4
Q
Budding
A
- a new organism that is genetically identical to its parent being developed from an outgrowth or bud. cell division occurs at this site, and eventually outgrowth falls off and genetically identical organism develops separately, such as coral.
5
Q
Fragmentation
A
- Similar to budding except it involves the parent body breaking into distinct fragments where each fragment grows into a new offspring, while budding involves an outgrowth separating from its own body and developing into a new individual. Such as shrubs.
6
Q
Rhizomes
A
- Underground stems and consist of nodes which act as growing points, ginger.
7
Q
A
