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jcac random > Mod 4 > Flashcards

Mod 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the rules that apply to drawing circuits?

A

Never combine 2 input lines.
Input lines can be split as input for 2 separate gates.
Output line can be used as an input line.
Output of a gate cannot feed back into that gate

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2
Q

What is 8^3?

A

512

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3
Q

What is 8^4?

A

4096

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4
Q

What is 16^2?

A

256

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5
Q

What is 16^3?

A

4096

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6
Q

What is 8^5?

A

32,768

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7
Q

What is 16^4?

A

65,536

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8
Q

What is the order of magnitude?

A

Scientific notation of very large numbers. Each order of magnitude is 10 times the previous one.

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9
Q

What is the prefix for thousand?

A

Kilo (10^3) or (2^10)

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10
Q

What is the prefix for million?

A

Mega (10^6) or (2^20)

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11
Q

What is the prefix for billion?

A

Giga (10^9) or (2^30)

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12
Q

What is the prefix for trillion?

A

Tera (10^12) or (2^40)

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13
Q

What is the prefix for quadrillion?

A

Peta (10^15) or (2^50)

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14
Q

What is the prefix for quintillion?

A

Exa (10^18) or (2^60)

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15
Q

What is the prefix for thousandth?

A

Milli (10^-3)

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16
Q

What is the prefix for millionth?

A

Micro (10^-6)

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17
Q

What is the prefix for billionth?

A

Nano (10^-9)

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18
Q

What is the prefix for trillionth?

A

Pico (10^-12)

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19
Q

What is the prefix for quadrillionth?

A

Femto (10^-15)

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20
Q

What is the prefix for quintillionth?

A

Atto (10^-18)

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21
Q

In order of magnitude when is the power of 2 used and when is the power of 10 used?

A

Power of 2 is used for data storage while power of 10 is used for time and speed

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22
Q

How large of an integer can a byte hold?

A

An integer of 0-255 (one less than 2^8)

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23
Q

How large of of an integer can a word hold?

A

0-65,535 (one less than 2^16)

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24
Q

How large of an integer can a double word hold?

A

0 to (2^32)-1

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25
Q

How large of an integer can a quad word hold?

A

0 to (2^64)-1

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26
Q

How big is a nibble?

A

4 bits

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27
Q

How big is a byte?

A

8 bits

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28
Q

How big is a word?

A

16 bits

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29
Q

How big is a double word?

A

32 bits

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30
Q

How big is a quad word?

A

64 bits

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31
Q

What are logical shifts used for?

A

To divide or multiply unsigned integers.

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32
Q

What is SHL?

A

Shift logical left. Moves n bits in binary to the left and clears each empty bit. Used to multiply by 2^n where n is the number of bits shifted.

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33
Q

What is SHR?

A

Shift logical right. Moves n bits in binary to the right and clears each empty bit. Empty bits are cleared to 0. SHR is used to divide by 2^n where n is the number of bits shifted.

34
Q

What is a file extension?

A

The letters that come after the dot of a file name (document.doc). Windows uses file extensions to identify types of data within a file.

35
Q

What is a file signature?

A

The first few bytes within the file and has nothing to do with the file name.

36
Q

What can be used to identify a file signature?

A

Hex editor.

37
Q

What is one example of the file type text?

A
  • Portable document format.
  • File extension - .pdf
  • File signature (ASCII) %PDF
38
Q

What is another example of the file type text?

A
  • Rich text format
  • File extension- .rtf
  • file signature (ASCII) {\rtf
39
Q

What is one example of the file type audio?

A
  • group version 1 audio layer-3
  • file extension- .mp3
  • file signature (ASCII) ID3
40
Q

What is another example of the file type audio?

A
  • wave
  • file extension- .wav
  • file signature(ASCII) RIFF
41
Q

What is one example of the file type image?

A
  • portable network graphics
  • file extension- .png
  • file signature (ASCII) .PNG
42
Q

What is another example of the file type image?

A
  • bitmap image
  • file extension- .bmp
  • file signature (ASCII) BM
43
Q

What is one example of the file type video?

A
  • audio video interleave
  • file extension- .avi
  • file signature (ASCII) AVI
44
Q

What is another example of the file type video?

A
  • moving pictures experts group
  • file extension- .mpeg
  • file signature(ASCII) ID3
45
Q

What is one example of the file type executable?

A
  • executable file format
  • file extension- .exe
  • file signature(ASCII) MZ
46
Q

What is another example of the file type executable?

A
  • executable and linkable format
  • file extension- .elf
  • file signature(ASCII) .ELF
47
Q

What is one example of the file type compression?

A
  • GZIP
  • file extension- .gz
  • file signature(ASCII) …
48
Q

What is another example of the file type compression?

A
  • ZIP
  • file extension- .zip
  • file signature (ASCII) PK
49
Q

What are GPRs?

A

General purpose registers. Used by the programmer to sore data or addresses

50
Q

How many 16bit x86 GPRs are there?

A

8 (AX,BX,CX,DX,BP,SI,DI,SP)

51
Q

How many 32bit ARM GPRs are there?

A

13 (R0-R12)

52
Q

What are segment registers?

A

Used as base locations for program instructions, data, and the stack.

53
Q

How many segment registers does x86 have?

A

6 (CS, DS, SS, ES, FS, GS)

54
Q

How many segment registers does ARM have?

A

2 ( SP or R13 and LR or R14)

55
Q

What are status and control registers?

A

Hold info about the most recent ALU operation, control enabling and disabling of interrupts, and set processor-operating mode.

56
Q

What are the 2 types of x86 status and control registers?

A

IP and FLAGS

57
Q

What are the 2 types of ARM status and control registers?

A

PC and CPSR

58
Q

In the order of magnitude what does the symbol E represent?

A

Quintillion. Exa. 10^18 or 2^60

59
Q

In the order of magnitude what does the symbol P represent?

A

Quadrillion. Peta. 10^15 or 2^50

60
Q

In the order of magnitude what does the symbol T represent?

A

Trillion. Tera. 10^12 pr 2^40

61
Q

In the order of magnitude what does the symbol G represent?

A

Billion. Giga. 10^9 or 2^30

62
Q

In the order of magnitude what does the symbol M represent?

A

Million. Mega. 10^6 or 2^20

63
Q

In the order of magnitude what does the symbol K represent?

A

Thousand. Kilo. 10^3 or 2^10

64
Q

In the order of magnitude what does the symbol m represent?

A

Thousandth. Milli. 10^-3

65
Q

In the order of magnitude what does the symbol u(mew) represent?

A

Millionth. Micro. 10^-6

66
Q

In the order of magnitude what does the symbol n represent?

A

Billionth. Nano. 10^-9

67
Q

In the order of magnitude what does the symbol p represent?

A

Trillionth. Pico. 10^-12

68
Q

In the order of magnitude what does the symbol f represent?

A

Quadrillionth. Femto. 10^-15

69
Q

In the order of magnitude what does the symbol a represent?

A

Quintillionth. Atto. 10^-18

70
Q

What are signed integers?

A

While numbers with a sign. Use 2s compliment format representation. Left most bit holds the sign. 0 is positive 1 is negative.

71
Q

What is the range of signed integers a byte can hold?

A

-128 to 127

72
Q

What is the range of signed integers a word can hold?

A

-32768 to 32767

73
Q

What is the range of signed integers a double word can hold?

A

-2^31 to (2^31)-1

74
Q

What is the range of signed integers a quad word can hold?

A

-2^63 to (2^63)-1

75
Q

What is a sign bit?

A

First bit of a signed integer signifying a positive integer.

76
Q

When is 2s compliment performed?

A

When you are expressing a negative number or finding it’s magnitude.

77
Q

What is SAL?

A

Shift arithmetic left. Multiplies by moving n bits in the value to the left and clearing each empty bit while preserving the sign

78
Q

What is SAR?

A

Shift arithmetic right. Divides by moving n bits to the right and setting each empty bit to the same sign as the sign bit.

79
Q

How do you represent digits to the right of the decimal point?

A

Negative exponents.

80
Q

What are the two most common ways to represent text data?

A

ASCII and Unicode.

81
Q

What is an analog signal?

A

Continuous signal with the potential for an infinite amount of signal resolution.

jcac random (7 decks)

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